Heisenberg, Pauli And Shapes Of Orbitals Flashcards
What is the simple def of QM
Considers electrons both as particles and waves
What is the new model created to work with atoms with more than one electron
Quantum mechanics
Electrons within atoms are said to be….
Quantised
What does quantised mean
Electrons can only possess fixed amounts of energy (quanta)
Electrons can be described in QUANTUM NUMBERS
Each electron shell has a
Principle quantum number (n)
The higher the energy of the shell (n(
The further the electrons are in that shell to the nucleus
What Are the sub shells
S p d f
Each shell co atom one or more
Orbitals
What is Heisenbergs uncertainty principle
It is impossible to define the exact location or momentum of an electron
What is the Pauli Exclusion principle
No two electrons can have the same four quantum numbers ( each orbital can hold 2 electrons max spinning in opposite directions)
What is an s orbital like
A spherical shape
Increasing size
What is a p orbital like
Dumbbell shape
3 degenerate ones ( one on each axis x,y,z)
What does degenerate mean
Orbitals with the same amount of energy In them
What are d orbitals liken
Almost all like two dumbells
Dz^2 is one dumbell on z with a circle around year middle
Dx^2 - Dy^2 two dumbells one on x and one on y
The rest ( 3 more ) are between the spaces of the axis dxy dxz dzy
