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Advanced Pharm Exam 4 > HEENT meds > Flashcards

HEENT meds Flashcards

1
Q

prophylaxis for opthaleum neonatorum

A

erythromycin

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2
Q

macrolides MOA

A

inhibit protein synthesis at 50s ribosome, bacteriostatic

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3
Q

macrolides examples

A

erythromycin, azithromycin

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4
Q

fluoroquinolones MOA

A

inhibition of DNA gyrase, bactericidal

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5
Q

fluoroquinolones precautions

A

avoid in children <1, pregnancy, breastfeeding

moxifloxacin ok for >4mos
levofloxacin >6 months

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6
Q

ciprofloxacin AEs

A

white precipitate in cornea, lid crusting, dysguesia

ear - HA, application site pain, pruritis, fungal superinfection

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7
Q

preferred agent for conjunctivitis in contact wearers

A

fluoroquinolones

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8
Q

aminoglycosides examples

A

gentamycin and tobramycin

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9
Q

aminoglycosides MOA

A

bind to 50s and 30s ribosomes, bactericidal

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10
Q

bacitracin MOA

A

bacteriostatic, inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis

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11
Q

bacitracin AEs

A

visual disturbances - not preferred

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12
Q

sulfacetamide MOA

A

bacteriostatic, inhibits bacterial dihydrofolate synthetase

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13
Q

sulfacetamide AEs

A

significant - hypersensitivity, reddening of conjunctiva, SJS, blood dyscrasias

avoid in children <2mos, pregnancy

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14
Q

polymyxin MOA

A

bactericidal, binds to cell membrane causing increased cellular permeability

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15
Q

dacroadenitis

A

infection of the lacrimal gland

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16
Q

dacrocystitis

A

infection of the lacrimal sack

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17
Q

hordeolum

A

infection of the eyelid

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18
Q

keratitis

A

corneal inflammation

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19
Q

glaucoma

A

progressive loss of retinal nerve fibers and visual field loss

deterioration of visual field

significant cause of blindness

treatment involves lowering intraocular pressure

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20
Q

PAOG vs PACG

A

primary open-angle glaucoma - normal anterior chamber angles

primary angle-closure glaucoma - obstruction of anterior angle by iris - MEDICAL EMERGENCY

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21
Q

topical prostaglandin analogs MOA

A

decrease IOP by increaseing aqueous humor outflow through uveoscleral pathway

22
Q

topical prostaglandin analogs AE

A

allergic reaction, eye redness, eyelid/eyelash darkening and eyelash growth, foreign body sensation, increased iris pigmentation, orbital fat atrophy

may worsten anterior uveitis and herpetic keratitis

refrigerate latanoprost until opened

23
Q

latanoprost class

A

topical prostaglandin analog

24
Q

latanoprost dosing

A

1 drop daily at bedtime

25
Q

topical beta blockers MOA

A

decrease aqueous humor production by ciliary body

26
Q

topical beta blockers AE

A

local AEs (endurable)

bronchospasm, bradycardia, depression, ED, exercise intolerance

use nasolacrimal occlusion to decrease systemic absorption

27
Q

topical alpha agonists MOA

A

decrease aqueous humor production, may increase uveoscleral outflow

28
Q

brimonidine class

A

topical apha agonist

29
Q

first line for glaucoma

A

topical prostaglandin analogs

30
Q

second line for glaucoma

A

topical alpha agonists

31
Q

topical alpha agonists AEs

A

dry mouth, fatigue, somnolence, ocular allergies, red eye

32
Q

brimonidine dosing

A

one drop TID

33
Q

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors MOA

A

decrease aqueous humor production by inhibiting carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme II in the ciliary body

34
Q

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors AEs

A

stinging, burning, metallic taste

brinzolamide has less

CI in patients w sulfonamide hypersensitivity

35
Q

topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

A

dorzolamide

brinzolamide

36
Q

systemic anhydrase inhibitors

A

acetazolamide and metazolamide

used last line for short term decrease in IOP

significant AEs - paresthesias, blood dyscrasis, agranulocytosis

37
Q

pilocarpine MOA

A

cholinergic

stimulates ciliary muscle to contract, widening space in trabecular meshwork

38
Q

pilocarbine AE

A

miosis, brow ache

39
Q

antimuscarinics use in uveitis

A

prevent posterior synechia formation

ciliary muscle spasm causes pain in anterior uveitis

blocks sphincter muscle response and stimulation of the ciliary body muscle

40
Q

AE of antimuscarinic agents

A

photosensitivity, blurred vision, dilation of one eye

use nasolacrimal occlusion to help with systemic AEs

41
Q

number one loss of blindness in US

A

macular degeneration

42
Q

immunomodulatory agents

A

used for dry eye
should be used with artificial tears
may take up to 6 months to work

43
Q

agents for dry eye

A

ocular lubricants
immunomodulatory agents
lifetegrast

44
Q

AE for corticosteroids

A

lots!

CI in untreated ocular infections, herpes keratitis

AE glaucoma, cataracts, increased IOP

45
Q

antihistamine for ocular allergy

A

olapatidine 0.7%

46
Q

treatment options for ocular allergies

A

ocular lubricants
antihistamines
mast cell stabilizers

47
Q

vasoconstrictors

A

naphazoline
tetrahydrozoline
brimonidine

48
Q

acute otitis externa tx

A

ofloxacin - preferred
can use eye drops!

combination products

acetic acid

49
Q

ofloxacin MOA

A

fluoroquinolone

50
Q

CI for acetic acid

A

perforated tympanic membrane

Advanced Pharm Exam 4 (13 decks)

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