autonomic nervous system

Question 1

atropine toxicity s/s

Answer 1

red as a beet, dry as a bone, blind as a bat, mad as a hatter

Question 2

atropine toxicity treatment

Answer 2

physostigmine - anticholinesterase inhibitor

pralidoxime helps w muscle weakness

Question 3

AE of catecholamines

Answer 3

increased myocardial O2 demand

myocardial ischemia

Question 4

epinephrine vasopressor effects

Answer 4

vasopressor initially but may lead to vasodilation over time

Question 5

isoproterenol MOA

Answer 5

nonselective B agonist
positive inotrope and chronotrope

rarely used

Question 6

B2 selective agonists indication

Answer 6

bronchodilation in asthma/COPD
inhalation

SABA - albuterol
LABA - salmeterol

Question 7

B3 receptor agonist name and indication

Answer 7

mirabegron

overactive bladder

Question 8

midodrine MOA

Answer 8

alpha-1 selective agonist

Question 9

alpha-1 selective agonists in CNS

Answer 9

modafinil, armodafinil

increases wakefulness QAM

narcolepsy, shift work disorder, OSA

Question 10

alpha-2 receptor agonists in CNS

Answer 10

poorly understood mechanism to decrease BP

clonidine
methyldopa
others used for glaucoma & HTN & muscle relaxant

Question 11

indications for indirect acting sympathomimetics

Answer 11

ADHD, narcolepsy, weight loss

should be used cautiously

schedule II - high abuse potential

Question 12

non-selective alpha antagonists

Answer 12

phenoxybenzamine, phentolamine

limited by tachyphylaxis long term

short term use for HTN
very limited use

Question 13

selective alpha-1 antagonist use

Answer 13

BPH (tamsulosin)

prazosin - nightmares in PTSD

Question 14

when are nonselective B blockers bad?

Answer 14

COPD and asthma - block B2

Question 15

B1 selective blockers indications

Answer 15

cardiac

MI
HF
angina
HTN
atrial arrhythmias - AF, SVT

Question 16

nonselective B blockers indications

Answer 16

migraines, tremor, glaucoma, stage fright, anxiety, acute hyperthyroidism

Question 17

B blockers AE

Answer 17

insomnia, sleep disturbance, hypoglc s/s, increased BG, bronchospasm, erectile dysfunction, bradycardia/heart block, worsen CHF at high doses

Question 18

indication for indirect acting cholinesterase inhibitors

Answer 18

alzheimer’s,

also glaucoma, MG, neurogenic bladder

Question 19

cholinergic effects

Answer 19

miosis (pupil contraction)
slow CHV conduction
broconstriction
increase GI motility
promote blatter utility
increased salivation

Question 20

indications for direct acting cholinomimetics

Answer 20

rarely seen

neurogenic bladder, glaucoma, xerostomia, induce miosis

Question 21

example of anti-nicotinic agents

Answer 21

neuromuscular junction blockers

Question 22

short acting B2 agonist

Answer 22

albuterol

Question 23

long acting beta 2 selective agonists

Answer 23

salmetereol, formoterol, indacaterol, olodaterol, vilanterol

more selective for B2 than albuterol

Question 24

beta blockers with alpha-blocking activity

Answer 24

labetalol and carvedilol