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Nursing Funds > HEENT > Flashcards

HEENT Flashcards

1
Q

what ranges in Hz should you use with a tuning fork?

A

256-512

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2
Q

test places base of fork against the mastoid process and count how long until the patient can’t hear and then is placed .5 to 1 inch from ear canal

A

rhinne test

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3
Q

air should be conducted how many times longer than bone conduction?

A

2 X

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4
Q

air conduction is longer than 2:1 ratio

A

sensorineural

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5
Q

<2:1 ratio indicates?

A

conduction

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6
Q

this test places fork on midline of head or forehead. tests for hearing equality

A

weber

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7
Q

normal hearing hears ___ in weber test

A

equally

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8
Q

sensorineural hears best in ___ ear

A

normal

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9
Q

conduction hears best in ___ ear

A

imparied

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10
Q
A

acute otitis media

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11
Q
A

perforation

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12
Q
A

otitis media with effusion

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13
Q

ability to see smal details

A

visual acuity

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14
Q

For distant vision, use a …

A

Snellen chart

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15
Q

Both eyes move parallel to each other and in six directions.

A

Extraocular movements

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16
Q

Face the patient from 2 ft away and hold out your finger 6 to 12 in. from their eyes. Have them keep their head fixed and facing forward, then direct them to follow your finger using just their eyes. Move your finger slowly and smoothly, left, right, and diagonally up and down to left and right. Watch the parallel eye movement, position of upper eyelid in relation to iris, and for abnormal movements. The upper eyelid should only slightly cover the iris as they move

A

extraocular movement test

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17
Q

is an involuntary, rhythmic oscillation of the eyes

A

nystagmus

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18
Q

caused by local eye injury or damage to cranial nerves of muscles

A

nystagmus

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19
Q

Assessing the patient’s ability to see objects in their periphery

A

visual fields

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20
Q

Have them sit or stand 2 ft. away at eye level and close one eye (left). Have them look at your directly opposite eye. You close your opposite eye. (right). Move your finger equally distant between you and the patient outside the field of vision then bring it back into the field of vision. Pt reports when they can see the finger.

A

test for visual fields

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21
Q

If you see it before them, part of their visual field is reduced

A

visual fields test

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22
Q

is common eye issue in older adults

A

reduced visual field

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23
Q

Inspect Position of the eyes in relation to one another. Should be parallel. Bulging (exophthalmos) indicates ?

A

hyperthyroidism

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24
Q

bulging of eye is called

A

exophthalmos

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25
Q

is crossed eyes, inherited or from neuromuscular injury

A

strabismus

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26
Q

protrusion of the eye indicates?

A

tumors or inflammation of eye orbit

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27
Q

course hair that doesnt go past outer canthus indicates

A

hypothyroidism

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28
Q

lid eyes turn outward

A

ectropion

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29
Q

lid edges turn inward

A

entropion

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30
Q

how many times per minute should you blink?

A

20 times per minute

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31
Q

what does PERRLA stand for?

A

pupils equal, round, reactive to light, accommodation

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32
Q

arcus senilis

A

white ring around iris

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33
Q

arcus senilis is found in ?

A

those over 40

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34
Q

what is normal pupil diameter size?

A

3 to 7 mm

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35
Q

cloudy pupil

A

cataracts

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36
Q

dilated pupil indicates

A

glaucoma, trauma, neuro disorders, eye meds, opioid withdrawal

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37
Q

is a sign of opioid intoxication

A

pinpoint pupils

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38
Q
A

opthalmoscope

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39
Q

sinuses become inflamed and swollen because?

A

allergies or infection

40
Q

what sinus areas do you palpate?

A

frontal and maxillary facial areas

41
Q

place a finger on the side of pts’ nose and occlude one nostril. Ask pt to breathe with mouth closed. Repeat for other side. Air should normally pass freely through the nose. what is this assessment?

A

patency of nares

42
Q

what is normal color of nares?

A

pink/light red with no lesions or polyps

43
Q

to view the septum ?

A

tip head back a bit, assess for alignment perforation bleeding. should be thicker on anterior side

44
Q

pale mucosa w/clear discharge indicates?

A

allergies

45
Q

yellow or green discharge indicates?

A

infection

46
Q

causes puffiness and increased vascularity of mucosa

A

habitual nasal cocaine and opioids

47
Q

can inferfere with NG tube placement

A

deviated septum

48
Q

repeated intransal cocaine use can cause?

A

perforation of the septum

49
Q

pallor of lips can indicate?

A

anemia

50
Q

cherry colored lips can indicate?

A

carbon monoxide poisoning

51
Q

brown/black discoloration of teeth indicates?

A

caries

52
Q

yellow stains on teeth indicates?

A

tobacco use

53
Q

brown stains on teeth indicate?

A

coffee, tea, cola drink staining

54
Q

Heavy smokers or alcoholics may have ___ on their mucosa?

A

thick white patches (leukoplakia)

55
Q

common site for oral cancer lesions

A

undersurface of tongue

56
Q

is whitish and dome shaped

A

hard palate

57
Q

is normal light pinkk, smooth in the mouth

A

soft palate

58
Q

t/f: a bony growth between the palates is common?

A

true

59
Q

is small spots of lymphatic tissue or blood vessels normal in the throat ?

A

yes, that is normal

60
Q

yellow or green exudate indicates?

A

infection

61
Q

Ask pt to flex neck with chin to chest, hyperextend neck backward, and move head laterally to each side, then sideways with ear moving toward shoulder. This tests the ______ and _____ muscles

A

sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

62
Q

what is lymphadenopathy?

A

enlarged lympth nodes

63
Q

are lymph nodes normally visible?

A

no theyre not

64
Q

the trachea is part of what system?

A

upper respiratory system

65
Q

Where is the trachea located?

A

midline superior to suprasternal notch

66
Q

having a patient swallow can help visualize ….

A

an enlarged thyroid

67
Q

is the thyroid gland normally able to be visualized?

A

no

68
Q

when does the anterior fontanel close on an infant?

A

18 months

69
Q

when does the posterior fontanel close on an infant?

A

8 weeks

70
Q

when can babies begin to gze at and follow bright objects?

A

1 month

71
Q

bulging of fontanels in infant could mean?

A

excess CSF

72
Q

sunken fontanels can indicate ?

A

dehydration

73
Q

epicanthal folds are seen in ?

A

infants with genetic disorders
Asian people

74
Q

what is presbycusis?

A

gradual hearing loss
is common with age

75
Q

how do you palpate the TMJ space?

A

fingers just anterior to the tragus of the ear

76
Q

what are you palpating the skull for?

A

nodules or masses

77
Q

where should prominences on the skull be?

A

frontal and occipital areas

78
Q

what are normal findings with symmetry?

A

should have overall symmetry with slight asymetry of features

79
Q

what can a head tilt to one side indicate?

A

hearing loss, visial loss, muscle weakness

80
Q

what can horizontal jerking or bobbing of the head indicate?

A

tremor

81
Q

if feature is asymmetrical, what can this indicate?

A

neurological disorder

82
Q

what can infants with large heads indicate?

A

congential abnormalities or buildup of CSF

83
Q

enlarged jaws and facial bones may indicate?

A

acromegaly

84
Q

clicking, grating, or snapping of the TMJ possibly indicates?

A

degenerative joint disease

85
Q

What should the upper point of the ear be even with?

A

outer canthus of eye

86
Q

what color should the ears be?

A

same as face

87
Q

yellow earwax normal?

A

yes

88
Q

low set ears or unusual angles may indicate?

A

chromosomal abnormalities

89
Q

increased pain of the external ear may indicate?

A

external ear infection

90
Q

what should you do if pain is present around ear?

A

pull auricle, press tragus, palpate behind ear and on mastoid process

91
Q

what color should the tympanic membrane be?

A

translucen, shiny pearl grey

92
Q

interruption of the sound waves traveling through the ear in the outer and middle ear structures. can be caused by swelling or tears in tympanic membrane

A

conduction

93
Q

involves the inner ear, auditory nerve, or hearing center of the brain, with transmission of sound interrupted after the point of the bony ossicles

A

sensorineural

94
Q

is a combination of both conduction and sensorineural hearing impairment

A

mixed

95
Q

is whitish and dome shaped

A

hard palate

Nursing Funds (17 decks)

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