Activity and Exercise

Question 1

What are benefits to physical activity?

Answer 1

Elevates mood and attitude.
Enables physical fitness.
Helps one to quit smoking and stay tobacco-free.
Boosts energy levels.
Helps in the management of stress.
Promotes a better quality of sleep.
Improves self-image and self-confidence.
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Question 2

As a nurse what must you do in all healthcare settings?

Answer 2

promote physical activity; in a safe manner to prevent injury to self or pt

Question 3

What is deconditioning?

Answer 3

physiological changes that occur from periods of inactivity and patients who are hospitalized are at increased risk for this because they are less active

Question 4

What should you consider when about the patient condition?

Nature of Mvmt

Answer 4

how the patient’s condition affects their body movement, how they initiate movement, and understand your own movements. This involves body mechanics.

Question 5

What is body mechanics?

Answer 5

describes the coordinated efforts of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems

Question 6

What is body aligment simailar to?

Answer 6

posture

Question 7

What is body aligment?

Answer 7

the positioning of joints, tendons, ligaments, and muscles

Question 8

What occurs when a pateint has good good body algiment?

Answer 8

their center of gravity is stable

Question 9

What is balance required for>

Answer 9

required for maintaining postion and for mvmt

Question 10

What can compromise balance?

Answer 10

Diseases, injury, pain, physical development, life changes, and many medications can compromise balance.

Question 11

Patient can fall if…

Answer 11

their center of gravity is unbalanced, because of the gravitational pull on their weight

gravity

Question 12

What is friction?

Answer 12

is a force that occurs in a direction to oppose movement

Question 13

The greater the surface area of an object being moved…

Answer 13

the greater the friction

Question 14

What is shear?

Answer 14

when this force is exerted against the skin, while the skin remains stationary and the bony structures move

Question 15

What consists of the skeletal system?

Answer 15

ligaments, tendons, and cartilage

Question 16

Joints are…

Answer 16

where two bones connect

Question 17

Ligaments…

Answer 17

are elasti, they bind hoints and connect bones to cartilage

Question 18

Tendons…

Answer 18

connect muscle to bone and are strong, flexible, and inelastic

Question 19

Cartilage…

Answer 19

is nonvascular supporting connective tissues that sustains weight and shoclk absorbes

Question 20

The nervous system does what when regualting mvmt?

Answer 20

Proprioception
Balance and alignment

Question 21

isotonic exerice…

Answer 21

cause muscle contraction and change the muscle legnth

isotonic contraction

Question 22

what are examples of isotonic exercises?

Answer 22

walkin, swimming, jogging, and bicycling

Question 23

what does isotonic exercise help do

Answer 23

increase muscle mass, tone, and streghthens; enhance circulatory and respiratory function

Question 24

isometric execise…

Answer 24

tightening or tensing of the muscles without moving the body parts

isometric contraction

Question 25

what are isometic exercise examples?

Answer 25

planks, wall sits, low squats, glute bridges

Question 26

Who is isometic exercise not ideal for?

Answer 26

patients who do not tolerate increased activity

Question 27

What are the benefits of isomeric exercise?

Answer 27

mass, tone, and strength; increase circulation to that body part and osteoblastic activity.

Question 28

What is resistive isometic exercises?

Answer 28

contracting a muscle while pushing against a stationary object or resisting the movement of an object. (push-ups).

Question 29

What does resisitive isometric exercise prompt?

Answer 29

Promote muscle strength and osteoblastic activity.

Question 30

When do you assess gait?

Answer 30

during the general survey; when the pt fist walks into the room

Question 31

How should you observe gait?

Answer 31

discretely, so the pt is unaware

Question 32

what does normal gait look like?

Answer 32

arms swinging freely at the sides, with the head leading the body.

Question 33

what does gait in older adults look like?

Answer 33

often walk with smaller steps and a wider base of support

Question 34

when should you observe posture?

Answer 34

observe while they are standing, from their side, behind, and while facing them

Question 35

what are characteristic of normal standing posture?

Answer 35

upright with the hips and shoulders aligned. An even contour of the shoulders, level of scapulae, and iliac crests. The head should upright and aligned center. The extremities should be symmetrical.

Question 36

what should you note from the side

Answer 36

not the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar curves of the spine

Question 37

what are charactists of normal sitting posture?

Answer 37

As the pt sits, some rounding of the shoulders is normal

Question 38

What kind of sitting posture do older adults normaly have?

Answer 38

tend to have a stooped posture with hips/knees slightly flexed and arms bent at the elbows

Question 39

Answer 39

Lordosis (swayback) increase in lumbar spine curvature

Question 40

Answer 40

Kyphosis (hunchback) exaggerated posterior curve of the thoracic spine

Question 41

Answer 41

Scoliosis lateral curve of the spine

Answer 42

Osteoporosis

Question 43

when should you use mechain lifts and teams?

Answer 43

when pateint cannot assist

Question 44

If a pt can assit what 5 priniples must you remember?

Answer 44

1. Maintain a wide base of support and lower your center of gravity to increase your stability.
2. Face the direction of movement to prevent abnormal twisting of the spine.
3. Divide balanced activity between the arms and legs to reduce risk of back injury. (don’t just lift with your arms, use your legs too)
4. Leverage, rolling, turning, or pivoting require less work than lifting.
5. Reducing friction between and object being moved and the surface its being moved on requires less force to move it.