Activity and Exercise Flashcards
What are benefits to physical activity?
Elevates mood and attitude.
Enables physical fitness.
Helps one to quit smoking and stay tobacco-free.
Boosts energy levels.
Helps in the management of stress.
Promotes a better quality of sleep.
Improves self-image and self-confidence.
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As a nurse what must you do in all healthcare settings?
promote physical activity; in a safe manner to prevent injury to self or pt
What is deconditioning?
physiological changes that occur from periods of inactivity and patients who are hospitalized are at increased risk for this because they are less active
What should you consider when about the patient condition?
Nature of Mvmt
how the patient’s condition affects their body movement, how they initiate movement, and understand your own movements. This involves body mechanics.
What is body mechanics?
describes the coordinated efforts of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems
What is body aligment simailar to?
posture
What is body aligment?
the positioning of joints, tendons, ligaments, and muscles
What occurs when a pateint has good good body algiment?
their center of gravity is stable
What is balance required for>
required for maintaining postion and for mvmt
What can compromise balance?
Diseases, injury, pain, physical development, life changes, and many medications can compromise balance.
Patient can fall if…
their center of gravity is unbalanced, because of the gravitational pull on their weight
gravity
What is friction?
is a force that occurs in a direction to oppose movement
The greater the surface area of an object being moved…
the greater the friction
What is shear?
when this force is exerted against the skin, while the skin remains stationary and the bony structures move
What consists of the skeletal system?
ligaments, tendons, and cartilage
Joints are…
where two bones connect
Ligaments…
are elasti, they bind hoints and connect bones to cartilage
Tendons…
connect muscle to bone and are strong, flexible, and inelastic
Cartilage…
is nonvascular supporting connective tissues that sustains weight and shoclk absorbes
The nervous system does what when regualting mvmt?
Proprioception
Balance and alignment
isotonic exerice…
cause muscle contraction and change the muscle legnth
isotonic contraction
what are examples of isotonic exercises?
walkin, swimming, jogging, and bicycling
what does isotonic exercise help do
increase muscle mass, tone, and streghthens; enhance circulatory and respiratory function
isometric execise…
tightening or tensing of the muscles without moving the body parts
isometric contraction
what are isometic exercise examples?
planks, wall sits, low squats, glute bridges
Who is isometic exercise not ideal for?
patients who do not tolerate increased activity
What are the benefits of isomeric exercise?
mass, tone, and strength; increase circulation to that body part and osteoblastic activity.
What is resistive isometic exercises?
contracting a muscle while pushing against a stationary object or resisting the movement of an object. (push-ups).
What does resisitive isometric exercise prompt?
Promote muscle strength and osteoblastic activity.
When do you assess gait?
during the general survey; when the pt fist walks into the room
How should you observe gait?
discretely, so the pt is unaware
what does normal gait look like?
arms swinging freely at the sides, with the head leading the body.
what does gait in older adults look like?
often walk with smaller steps and a wider base of support
when should you observe posture?
observe while they are standing, from their side, behind, and while facing them
what are characteristic of normal standing posture?
upright with the hips and shoulders aligned. An even contour of the shoulders, level of scapulae, and iliac crests. The head should upright and aligned center. The extremities should be symmetrical.
what should you note from the side
not the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar curves of the spine
what are charactists of normal sitting posture?
As the pt sits, some rounding of the shoulders is normal
What kind of sitting posture do older adults normaly have?
tend to have a stooped posture with hips/knees slightly flexed and arms bent at the elbows
Lordosis (swayback) increase in lumbar spine curvature
Kyphosis (hunchback) exaggerated posterior curve of the thoracic spine
Scoliosis lateral curve of the spine
Osteoporosis
when should you use mechain lifts and teams?
when pateint cannot assist
If a pt can assit what 5 priniples must you remember?
- Maintain a wide base of support and lower your center of gravity to increase your stability.
- Face the direction of movement to prevent abnormal twisting of the spine.
- Divide balanced activity between the arms and legs to reduce risk of back injury. (don’t just lift with your arms, use your legs too)
- Leverage, rolling, turning, or pivoting require less work than lifting.
- Reducing friction between and object being moved and the surface its being moved on requires less force to move it.
