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nursing funds > Activity, Exercise, and Musculoskeletal Assessment > Flashcards

Activity, Exercise, and Musculoskeletal Assessment Flashcards

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1
Q

Elevates mood and attitude.
Enables physical fitness.
Helps one to quit smoking and stay tobacco-free.
Boosts energy levels.
Helps in the management of stress.
Promotes a better quality of sleep.
Improves self-image and self-confidence.

A

physical activity

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2
Q

is the physiological changes that occur from periods of inactivity and patients who are hospitalized are at increased risk for this because they are less active.

A

deconditioning

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3
Q

describes the coordinated efforts of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems.

A

body mechanics

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4
Q

similar to posture, refers to the positioning of joints, tendons, ligaments, and muscles. If a patient has good body alignment, their center of gravity is stable. This reduces strain on musculoskeletal structures, promotes comfort, and contributes to balance and energy conservation.

A

body alignment

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5
Q

is required for maintaining position and for movement. Diseases, injury, pain, physical development, life changes, and many medications can compromise balance. Poor balance can compromise mobility, physical safety, and can create a fear of falling that reduces activity.

A

balance

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6
Q

Patients can fall if their center of gravity is unbalanced, because of the gravitational pull on their weight. To lift safely, you must overcome the weight of the object and know its center of gravity. People’s center of gravity is not directly center of their body. It is usually midline at 55% to 57% of their standing height.

A

gravity

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7
Q

is a force that occurs in a direction to oppose movement. The greater the surface area of an object being moved, the greater the ______

A

friction

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8
Q

. When friction is exerted against the skin, while the skin remains stationary and the bony structures move, it is called _____

A

shear

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9
Q

This can damage underlying blood vessels and tissue, causing decreased blood flow and pressure injuries

A

shear

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10
Q

Using full body slings and mechanical lifts can prevent ______ ______, as well as protect healthcare workers from injury.

A

friction and shear

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11
Q

are a region where two bones connect.

A

joints

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12
Q

are elastic, they bind joints and connect bones and cartilage.

A

ligament

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13
Q

connect muscle to bone and are strong, flexible, and inelastic.

A

tendons

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14
Q

is nonvascular supporting connective tissue that sustains weight and serves as a shock absorber between articulating bones.

A

cartilage

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15
Q

isometric

A

maximum HR formula

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16
Q

maximum HR formula

A

220-age

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17
Q

makes us aware of our body’s position

A

proprioception

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18
Q
A

physical activity

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19
Q

is a subset of PA that is planned, structured, and repetitive and has a final or an intermediate objective, such as the improvement or maintenance of physical fitness.

A

physical excercise

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20
Q

cause muscle contraction and change the muscle length

A

isotonic

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21
Q

Increase muscle mass, tone, and strength; promotes osteoblastic activity to strengthen bones; enhance circulatory and respiratory function.

A

isotonic exercise

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22
Q

tightening or tensing of the muscles without moving the body parts

A

isometric excercise

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23
Q

Not ideal for patients who do not tolerate increased activity

A

isometric exercise

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24
Q

Increase muscle mass, tone, and strength; increase circulation to that body part and osteoblastic activity.

A

isometric exercise

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25
Q

contracting a muscle while pushing against a stationary object or resisting the movement of an object. (push-ups). Promote muscle strength and osteoblastic activity.

A

resistive isometric exercise

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26
Q

t/f: face direction of movement

A

true

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27
Q

t/f: Leverage, rolling, turning, or pivoting require less work than lifting.

A

true

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28
Q

what does SPHM stand for?

A

safe patient handling and mobility

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29
Q

Evidence-based research has shown that__________ interventions significantly reduce overexertion injuries by replacing manual patient handling with safer methods guided by ergonomics

A

SPHM

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30
Q

is the design of work tasks to best suite the capabilities of the workers.

A

ergonomics

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31
Q

includes: standardized assessment tools to identify a patient’s mobility level;
an ergonomics assessment of patient rooms and health care environments;
Assessment algorithms to select the right equipment and number of staff for each patient handling/mobility task;
Unit peer leaders who act as patient handling experts and staff trainers;
Safety huddles to share safety information with staff and a minimal lift policy.

A

SPHM

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32
Q

They also improve patient outcomes with fewer falls, skin tears, and pressure injuries occurring.

A

SPHM techniques

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33
Q

____________ lack the coordination, strength, and stability to sit or stand

A

newborns

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34
Q

they grow and develop their bones and muscles, and can support their weight, sit, stand, then walk.

A

infants

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35
Q

still have an awkward posture with a swayback and larger abdomen

A

Toddlers

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36
Q

the musculoskeletal system continues to grow and develop, allowing better coordination for fine motor skills.

A

third year to adolescence

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37
Q

growth is sporadic, which can make them appear awkward and uncoordinated.

A

adolescents

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38
Q

should have full musculoskeletal function and the ability to carry out ADLs and physical exercise.

A

middle aged adults

39
Q

may experience bone loss, walk more slowly and incorrectly, and appear less coordinated. Many are afraid of falling.

A

older adults

40
Q

t/f: consider the pt’s knowledge of exercisea and activity, their values and beliefs about exercise and health, barriers to activity and exercise andcurrent exercise behaviros or habits

A

true

41
Q

with work, people often don’t have the time to exercise. Some employers will provide exercise opportunities by doing things like installing on-site walking tracks.

A

environmental factors

42
Q

t/f: Children today are less active, but many schools have been good with providing fitness opportunities and encouraging exercise.
Communities may have fewer or more facilities and programs for access to fitness and exercise

A

true

43
Q

t/f: Patients are more likely to incorporate an exercise program if those around them are supportive.
Having a friend or significant other to exercise with.
Parents supporting their children’s physical activities by encouraging them, providing transportation to sporting events, and participating in family outings.

A

true

44
Q

what are the five stages of change int he TTM model?

A

Precontemplation - Aware of the problem but do not intend to change their behavior in the next 6 months.
Contemplation - Aware of the need for change and intend to take action within 6 months but lack commitment.
Preparation - Have decided to take action in the immediate future (within the next month). Often have a plan.
Action - Have made specific changes in their life-styles within the past 6 months.
Maintenance - Have shown the desired behavior over 6 months and are working to prevent relapse.

45
Q

Aware of the problem but do not intend to change their behavior in the next 6 months.

A

Precontemplation

46
Q

Aware of the need for change and intend to take action within 6 months but lack commitment.

A

contemplation

47
Q

Have decided to take action in the immediate future (within the next month). Often have a plan.

A

preparation

48
Q

Have made specific changes in their life-styles within the past 6 months.

A

action

49
Q

Have shown the desired behavior over 6 months and are working to prevent relapse.

A

maintenance

50
Q

Access to facilities or a public park and walking area? How much time do they believe they have to exercise during the day? Do they have social support?

A

assess socioeconmonic factors

51
Q

This will include aspects of the musculoskeletal assessment that we will be talking about today. Review the medical record for any conditions that may affect their ability to be mobile and active, or that affects their body alignment.

A

physical health assessment

52
Q

 Try to help the patient be at ease so that they will display their normal body positioning.

A

assess body alignment

53
Q

 Note whether they can sit upright in bed or in a chair. Allow them to use the siderails of the bed, if present.
Don’t just take their word for it that they can stand. Let them use their assistive devices if they are typically used. They should be able to raise their buttocks off the bed and hold for a count of five.

A

assess their ability to sit and stand

54
Q

t/f: determine the patient preferred form of exercise level of intensity and frequency

A

true

55
Q

should be = 2 hours and 30 minutes of moderate intensity _______per week, such as brisk walking

A

aerobic exercise

56
Q

they should have ______ or more days/week of muscle strengthening exercises for all muscle groups.

A

2

57
Q

is the type and amount of exercise or work a person can do without undue exertion or injury. Observe patients after they perform ADLs, ambulate, or sit up in a chair for several hours.
Look for difficulty breathing, assess heart rate and blood pressure. Compare to baseline rates at rest.

A

activity tolerance

58
Q

what is the target H formula?

A

(max HR)(0.6) and (max HR)(0.9)

59
Q

how much time do you warm up and cool down for?

A

5, 10 minutes

60
Q

prevent deconditioning?

A

stretching excercises,

61
Q

how soon to you admin pain med before exercise?

A

30 minutes

62
Q

what do you want to do with your feet while helpin them fall?

A

feet apart to provide a broad base of support

63
Q

The ______is the only one who knows if exercise has been beneficial and effective for them.

A

patient

64
Q

When the expected outcomes are not met, explore the reason why so that you can adjust the plan with them accordingly.

A
65
Q

which side do you stand on ?

A

the unaffected side

66
Q

know patient level of mobility
assess patient risks for activiy intolerance
mentally review transfer steps before beginning
stand on unafffected side
determine transfer equipment needed
raise eds side rail on opposite side
arrange equipment
valuate for correct body allignment
understand equipment before starting

A

safety guidelines for nusing skills

67
Q

You will be assessing the patient’s range of motion, muscle strength and tone, and joint and muscle condition.

A

muskuloskeletal assessment

68
Q

musko skeletal assessment is Especially important when the patient _____________________

A

reports pain or a loss of joint or muscle function.

69
Q

t/f:Ask the patient if they have had any history of bone, joint, or muscle problems, what their normal activity pattern is, and about their ability to perform their activities of daily living.

A

true

70
Q

You want to do this discretely, so that they a patient is unaware, or it will change the natural way they ____

A

walk. assess their gait

71
Q

arms swinging freely at the sides, with the head leading the body

A

normal

72
Q

often walk with smaller steps and a wider base of support

A

older adults

73
Q

 Observe while they are standing, from their side, behind, and while facing them.

A

posture

74
Q

upright with the hips and shoulders aligned. An even contour of the shoulders, level of scapulae, and iliac crests. The head should upright and aligned center. The extremities should be symmetrical

A

normal standing posture

75
Q

tend to have a stooped posture with hips/knees slightly flexed and arms bent at the elbows.

A

older adults

76
Q

 increase in lumbar spine curvature.

A

lordosis (swayback)

77
Q

exaggerated posterior curve of the thoracic spine.

A

kyphosis (hunchback)

78
Q

lateral curve of the spine

A

scoliosis

79
Q

loss of bone mass and bone tissue
decrease in heigh
bone fractures associated
consider risk factors

A

osteoporosis

80
Q

Systemic skeletal condition, where the bone mass decreases, and the bone tissue deteriorates. This makes the bones fragile, leading to fractures.

A

osteoporosis

81
Q

A loss in height is usually the first clinical sign of this disease

A

osteoporosis

82
Q

 women, over the age of 50, have not had children, enter menopause before age 45. Having a family hx of osteoporosis, being smaller, or thinner.

A

uncontrollable osteoporosis

83
Q

Poor diet (low calcium, vitamin D, fruits/vegetables; high protein, caffeine, and sodium), inactive lifestyle, smoking, drinking too much alcohol, losing weight, long-term use of some medications
(antiseizure, chemotherapy).

A

controllable osteoporosis

84
Q

feels soft and boggy when palpated.

A

atrophied muscle (reduced size

85
Q

where the patient independently moves their joints, passive, where you move the joint for them, or active assistive, where the patient moves their joint with some assistance.

A

range of motion (includes active range of motion)

86
Q

ask the patient to relax and you passively move the extremities

A

passive ROM

87
Q

during this exercise, you do not force the joint into a painful position

A

passive ROM

88
Q

extremities through their ROM. Do not force the joint into a painful position. Be familiar with the normal range of each joint. T

A
89
Q

Noted as the slight muscular resistance felt as you move a relaxed extremity passively through the Range of Motion.

A

muscle tone

90
Q

there should be just a slight resistance to movement.

A

normal muscle tone

91
Q

there will be considerable resistance with any sudden passive movement of a joint.

A

hypertonicity muscle tone

92
Q

the muscle feels flabby, and the extremity hangs loosely to gravity.

A

hypotonicity

93
Q

Have the patient perform maneuvers to demonstrate strength in major muscle groups. See Table 30.33 in your books (page 580). You will gradually be increasing resistance against their muscle flexion.
VolunteerElbow  pull down on forearm as pt attempts to flex. Then as the forearm is flexed, apply pressure against the forearm as they try to straighten it.
Hip  With pt sitting, apply downward pressure to thigh and ask them to raise their leg up. Then, with their leg flexed, hold their shin and ask the patient to straighten their leg.
Hands  Have the patient squeeze your fingers with their hands, bilaterally.
Feet  Place your hand against the bottom of the patient’s foot and ask them to press down, like they are pressing on the gas in their car.

A

muscle strength

94
Q

loss of bone mass and bone tissue
decrease in heigh
bone fractures associated
consider risk factors

A

osteoporosis

nursing funds (17 decks)

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