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MDTs > HEENT > Flashcards

HEENT Flashcards

1
Q

eyes are red rimmed and scales or granulations can be seen clinging to the lashed

A

Anterior Blepharits

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2
Q

eyelid margins are hyperemic with telangiectasia and the meibomian gland and their oriflces are inflamed

A

posterior blepharitis

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3
Q

acute infection

localized eyelid tenderness

may also not “pointing of mucopurulent material”

A

Hordeolum

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4
Q

chronic focal granulomatous inflammation within the eyelid tissue

hard and nontender nodule in the eyelid

A

chalazoin

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5
Q

inching, burning, tearing, gritty, or foreign body sensation

Hx if URI or contact within someone with viral conjunctives

unilateral

watery discharge, red and edematous eyelids

A

viral conjunctivitis

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6
Q

itching watery discharge and a Hx of allergies

Bilateral

A

allergic conjunctivitis

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7
Q

redness, forehin body sensation, discharge itching much less prominent

purulent white yellow discharge of mild to moderate degree

complain of having to wipe purulent exudate in the morning

A

Bacterial Conjunctivitis

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8
Q

Severe purulent discharge

hyperacute onset (within 12 to 24 hours)

Usually acquired through contact with infected genital secretions

Exam findings:
Tender palpable preauricular lymph node

A

Gonococcal Conjuctivitis

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9
Q

Red eye, foreign body sensation, usually asymptomatic unless there is associated chemosis

Red eye, foreign body sensation, usually asymptomatic unless there is associated chemosis

A

Conjuctival Hemorrhage

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10
Q

Caused by sunlight exposure, chronic inflammation and oxidative stress

Wing shaped fold of fibrovascular tissue arising from the interpalpebral conjunctiva and extending onto the cornea, usually nasal in location

A

Pterygium

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11
Q

Foreign body sensation, tearing, history of trauma; with or without a rust ring

A

Ocular Foreign Body

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12
Q

Severe pain, tearing, and photophobia

History of trauma to the eye, commonly involving a foreign object (fingernail, piece of paper, or contact lens)

A

Corneal Abrasion

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13
Q

Cornea reveals a round or irregular ulcer opacity or infiltrate

Severe ocular pain, photophobia, or blurred vision

Risk factor contact lens wearers

A

Corneal Ulcer

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14
Q

Trauma or recent ocular surgery are the most common risk factors

Blood or clot or both in the anterior chamber that may be black or red

Pain, sensitivity to light, blurred, clouded or blocked vision, history of blunt trauma

A

Hyphema

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15
Q

Pain, redness, photophobia, visual loss

hypopyon (WBC pool) and fibrin within the anterior chamber

A

Uveitis/Iritis

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16
Q

Risk factors:
Paranasal sinus infection, dental infection, orbital trauma

eyelid edema, erythema, warmth, tenderness, periorbital swelling, tooth pain

restricted extraocular motility with pain with eye movement

A

Orbital Cellulitis

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17
Q

Pain on attempted eye movement and local tenderness, eyelid edema, crepitus (particularly after nose blowing)

Step off deformity along frontal sinus

Restricted eye movement especially in upward or lateral gaze or both, subcutaneous or conjunctival emphysema, point tenderness,

A

Orbital Fracture

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18
Q

TRANSIENT
Vision returns to normal within 24 hours, usually within 1 hour

A

Acute Vision Loss

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19
Q

Flashes of light, floaters, a curtain or shadow moving over the field of vision, peripheral or central visual loss, or both

Risk factors
50 y/o
Nearsightedness
Cataracts

A

Retinal Detachment

20
Q

Caused by use of a sunlamp without eye protection, exposure to a welding arc, or snow blindness

Numerous, microdots on the corneal surface after staining

A

Flash Burns

21
Q

RISK FACTORS:
Job exposure
Improper PPE use

Excessive tearing, severe eye pain, photophobia, inability to open eyelids

A

Chemical Burn

22
Q

Pain, decreased vision, loss of fluid from eye, Hx of trauma, fall, or sharp object entering globe

Low intraocular pressure

A

Penetrating Wound To eye

23
Q

Photophobia, pain, eye redness, and decreased vision

History of oral or genital herpes infection

Dendritic keratitis branching

Eyelid may have typical herpetic vesicular eruptions

Palpable preauricular node

A

Herpetic Lesion of the eye

24
Q

History of auricular trauma in subparicondural space

loss of normal cartilaginous

landmarks caused by trauma

A

Auricular Hematoma

25
Q

Muffled sounds

Severe pain, and
hearing loss

Specific MOI

A

Foreign Body of the Ear

26
Q

Decrease in hearing, and/or sensation of pressure or fullness

Often precipitated by the use of cotton tipped applicators
(conductive hearing loss)

A

Cerumen Impaction

27
Q

Complication from acute otitis media (ask medical Hx)

Postauricular pain and erythema accompanied by a spiking fever

Edema, tenderness, protruion of the auricle and the obliteration of the post auricular crease

A

Mastoiditis

28
Q

Painful erythema and edema of the ear canal skin accompanied by purulent exudate

History of water exposure
(swimmers ear) or mechanical trauma (scratching, Qtips)

A

Otitis Externa

29
Q

Decreased hearing, fever, and history of URI

Erythema and hypomobility of tympanic membrane

Severe - TM bulging (rupture imminent), mastoid tenderness

Common causes are and influenza

A

Otitis Media

30
Q

Severe ear pain

Fullnes or “underwater sensation”, hearing loss or “muffled hearing”

Tinnitus

“Popping or snapping noises”

A

Eustachian Tube Dysfunction

31
Q

Can occur secondary to middle ear infections, or as a result of barotrauma, blunt/penetrating/acoustic trauma, or lightning strikes

Acute onset of pain and hearing loss; associated vertigo or tinnitus, nausea and vomiting, and history of recurrent ear infections

Otorrhea (pus, blood, or clear fluid from canal)

A

TM Perforation

32
Q

Common cause prolonged eustachian tube dysfunction

Examination will reveal an granulation tissue

Benign tumor made of stratified squamous epithelium that slowly destroys bone tissue

A

Cholesteatoma

33
Q

Damage to the tympanic membrane caused by rapid changes in pressure

most common etiology is flying

Severe inner pain, conductive hearing loss, possible vertigo, specific MOI to include symptoms associated with changes in inner ear pressure

TM may be bulging in appearance

Fluid in the ear canal

A

Barotrauma

34
Q

Hx of being around industrial machinery, weapons, loud music
Difficulty hearing, hearing loss, ear fullness, dizziness or vertigo, tinnitus

A

Noise Induced Hearing loss

35
Q

hearing loss, headache, noise intolerance, vertigo, TMJ dysfunction
“ringing noise”

A

Tinnitus

36
Q

Acute , unilateral bleeding from the anterior nasal cavity is the most common presentation

A

Epistaxis

37
Q

Commonly seen in PTs with allergic rhinitis, asthma. Alcohol intolerance, aprin, and cystic fibrosis

A

Nasal Polyps

38
Q

Crepitus, black eye

Epistaxis, pain, soft tissue hematomas (black eye)

Possible palpable step-off of the infraorbital rim

A

Nasal Fracture

39
Q

Clear rhinorrhea, post nasal drip

conjunctival erythema, excessive tearing

Environmental allergen
exposure in the presence of allergen specific IgE

A

Allergic Rhinitis

40
Q

Purulent yellow-green nasal

discharge or expectoration

Upper jaw tenderness

Facial pain or pressure over the affected sinus or sinuses

cough, malaise, fever and headache

A

Sinusitis

41
Q

Rapidly developing sore throat or difficulty swallowing is out of proportion to findings

A

Epiglotitis

42
Q

White painless lesion that cannot be scraped or removed

May have wrinkled “wet finger” appearance

most common tobacco and alcohol users

A

Leukoplakia

43
Q

swallowing,
muffled “hot potato” voice

trismus (lockjaw), inferior and medial displacement of the infected tonsil, swollen uvula,

Uvula will be deviated, drooling, dehydration

A

Peritonsillar Abscess

44
Q

Sudden onset of sore throat, painful swallowing, chills, fever, headache, nausea, and vomiting

Fever >100.4
Tender anterior cervical lymphadenopathy
NO cough
pharyngotonsillar exudates

petechial pattern

A

Pharyngitis/Tonsilitis

45
Q

Acute swelling of the parotid or submandibular glands

Increased pain and swelling with meals
Tenderness and erythema of the duct opening
Pus can often be massaged from the duct

A

Sialadenitis

46
Q

Halitosis
White debris
Bad taste in the back of the throat

A

Tonsiloliths

MDTs (12 decks)

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