Heart valves

Question 1

What are the two primary types of valve replacements in aortic stenosis?

Answer 1

Mechanical valves: Highly durable but require lifelong anticoagulation.
Bioprosthetic valves: Made from animal tissue, shorter lifespan but do not require anticoagulation.

Question 2

Why are bioprosthetic valves preferred in patients age ≥ 65 years?

Answer 2

Shorter life expectancy reduces the need for valve reoperation due to wear.
Avoidance of lifelong anticoagulation reduces bleeding risks.

Question 3

Why are mechanical valves often chosen for younger patients?

Answer 3

Greater durability (last >20 years).
Reduced need for multiple reoperations over the patient’s lifetime.

Question 4

What are the main risks associated with mechanical valve replacement?

Answer 4

Higher risk of thrombosis.
Requires lifelong anticoagulation, increasing bleeding risk.

Question 5

What are the primary benefits of bioprosthetic valves?

Answer 5

Do not require lifelong anticoagulation.
Lower bleeding risk.