Heart Test Flashcards
Liquid portion of blood
Plasma, 90% water
What is plasma made up of
Dissolved minerals: potassium, sodium, calcium
Most common cellular components of blood…
Platelets, white and red blood cells
Where are blood cells created
Within bone marrow
Platelets responsible for
Forming scabs
Another name for red blood cells
Erythrocytes
Hemoglobin
In RBC, large, iron-containing protein able to transport oxygen molecule. Make red blood cells red
Wbc called what
Leukocytes
wbc responsible for
Immunity
Number of WBC in body depends on…
Whether they are fighting an infection
How do platelets form scab
When skin is cut, blood is exposed to air. Platelets rush to the scene and begin sticking together her. They form fibrin, web like, to make scab
How many times does a RBC circulate Rh body
100-120 days, circulation takes 60 sec.
Grunulocytes vs agranulocytes
Granulocytes form in red blood cells and have granular cytoplasm.
Agranulocytes lack cytoplasmic granules.
What white blood cell is most popular
Neutrophils
Anemia
Blood doesn’t have enough healthy red blood cells.
Symptoms of anemia
Fatigue, skin pallor, shortness of breath, lightheaded ness, dizziness, fast heart beat
What is a complete blood cell count
Used to determine the number of red and white blood cells in a person.
Hemocytometer
Specialized counting chamber used for blood cell counts
ECG used for what
To obtain information regarding the functionality of the heart, records electrical activity
Heart contracts and relaxes as a response to…
Electrical impulses or signals
Three major waves in ecg
P wave, QRS complex, and the T-wave
ECGs describes in terms of
segments and intervals
ECG three electrodes
Pos, neg, ground
High heart rate above 60-100
Below?
Tachycardia
Bradycardia
Irregular heart beat
Arrhythmia, occurs bc the SA node is not serving properly as pacemaker.
Third step to Analyze an ECG
Determine relationship between various waves.
Cardiac cycle
Mechanical actions
PR complex
Period extending from beginning of P wave until beginning of QRS complex
AV node
Controls heart rate
Tachycardia and arrhythmia
Problem w SA node, pacemaker
Bradycardia and arrhymia
Decrease heart rate, electrical signal problem, can’t reach valves
Blood typing…
Method of classifying blood based on proteins on surface of RBC
Most common used classification system for blood
ABO/Rh system
What happens when heart contracts
Pushes blood out into arteries of body
Blood pressure
Force created by the pulse of blood flowing through the artery
Healthy BP
120/80
Blood measured in…
Mmhg, recorded w stethoscope
High BP concerns
increases your risk of heart attack, heart failure and sudden cardiac death. can cause your heart muscle to weaken and work less efficiently.
What is the pulse
Arteries expanding in rhythm w contraction of heart
Sounds created by heart are caused by…
Heart valves opening/closing
Used to measure pulse
Stethoscope
How many pulse points are there
7
- radial
- brachial
- carotid
- popliteal
- posterior tibial
- dorsalis pedis
How can pulse points be felt at different points
Can be felt anywhere an artery runs close to the skin
Which chambers are pumping chambers of the heart
Ventricles
Which chambers are the receiving chambers of the heart
Atriums
Purpose of heart valves
Prevent backflow of blood
What artery carries deoxygenated blood
Pulmonary, takes blood to lungs from the heart
Coronary artery function
Deliver blood to heart muscles
Largest artery
Aorta, brings oxygenated blood from heart to the tissues, comes from left ventricle
Surrounding the heart is a tough layer of connective tissue and epithelial
Pericardium
Why does the atria have v little muscle
Doesn’t pump blood far
Heart block
Enlarged heart, damage from heart attack
Heart filled w blood
Diastolic
Blood groups are…
Antigens on blood
What doesn’t have antibodies unless exposed to other blood
A-
What is dominant and recessive in blood
A and B
O
Rh factor on pregnancy
Mom is positive and dad is negative on second baby
What has Rh+ factor
Positives
Factors that may inhibit or enhance blood clotting process
blood doesn’t have enough water viscosity, dehydrated not enough blood volumes, slows down. Too big of a cut, hemorrhages. Low blood pressure, blood isn’t moving as fast. Low platelet count.
BP formula
Force per unit area
Blood viscosity ex.
Dehydration (thickens)
INCREASE BP
Total blood vessel length
Longer vessel, more friction
INCREASE BP
Hypertension
High BP, “silent killer”
Hypertension risks and effects
Effects: damages arteries, plaque build up
Risks: stroke, aneurysms, heart attacks
Leaking valve may result in…
Clotting in arteries
Aneurysm
High BP= weakens arteries, fills up w blood, bubbles, of bursts you are dead.
Heart failure
Enlarged heart
Cardiac arrest defibrillation
Heart is Pumping so fast that the blood is pooling. Shocking the heart will put it back in a regular rhythm
Another word for heart attack
Myocardial infarction
Deoxygenated blood color
Dark red
4 main phenotypes in ABO system
A,B,O, AB
ABO gene on long arm chormosome
9
Antigens
On your cells, glycoproteins on RBC
Agglutination
Sticking together
What determines blood types
Presence of absence of antigens
Antibodies
Produces to non self, produce to things that don’t belong to you
Universal donor and recipient
R: Ab
D: 0
ABO mismatched transfusions
Blood coagulates and body attack’s RBC
More severe in group O patients (A and B: anti)
Most complex system in blood
Rh with over 45 antigens
ABO and Rh genes are…
Not linked
