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Anatomy > Heart Test > Flashcards

Heart Test Flashcards

1
Q

Liquid portion of blood

A

Plasma, 90% water

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2
Q

What is plasma made up of

A

Dissolved minerals: potassium, sodium, calcium

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3
Q

Most common cellular components of blood…

A

Platelets, white and red blood cells

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4
Q

Where are blood cells created

A

Within bone marrow

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5
Q

Platelets responsible for

A

Forming scabs

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6
Q

Another name for red blood cells

A

Erythrocytes

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7
Q

Hemoglobin

A

In RBC, large, iron-containing protein able to transport oxygen molecule. Make red blood cells red

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8
Q

Wbc called what

A

Leukocytes

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9
Q

wbc responsible for

A

Immunity

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10
Q

Number of WBC in body depends on…

A

Whether they are fighting an infection

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11
Q

How do platelets form scab

A

When skin is cut, blood is exposed to air. Platelets rush to the scene and begin sticking together her. They form fibrin, web like, to make scab

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12
Q

How many times does a RBC circulate Rh body

A

100-120 days, circulation takes 60 sec.

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13
Q

Grunulocytes vs agranulocytes

A

Granulocytes form in red blood cells and have granular cytoplasm.
Agranulocytes lack cytoplasmic granules.

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14
Q

What white blood cell is most popular

A

Neutrophils

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15
Q

Anemia

A

Blood doesn’t have enough healthy red blood cells.

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16
Q

Symptoms of anemia

A

Fatigue, skin pallor, shortness of breath, lightheaded ness, dizziness, fast heart beat

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17
Q

What is a complete blood cell count

A

Used to determine the number of red and white blood cells in a person.

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18
Q

Hemocytometer

A

Specialized counting chamber used for blood cell counts

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19
Q

ECG used for what

A

To obtain information regarding the functionality of the heart, records electrical activity

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20
Q

Heart contracts and relaxes as a response to…

A

Electrical impulses or signals

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21
Q

Three major waves in ecg

A

P wave, QRS complex, and the T-wave

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22
Q

ECGs describes in terms of

A

segments and intervals

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23
Q

ECG three electrodes

A

Pos, neg, ground

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24
Q

High heart rate above 60-100

Below?

A

Tachycardia

Bradycardia

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25
Q

Irregular heart beat

A

Arrhythmia, occurs bc the SA node is not serving properly as pacemaker.

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26
Q

Third step to Analyze an ECG

A

Determine relationship between various waves.

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27
Q

Cardiac cycle

A

Mechanical actions

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28
Q

PR complex

A

Period extending from beginning of P wave until beginning of QRS complex

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29
Q

AV node

A

Controls heart rate

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30
Q

Tachycardia and arrhythmia

A

Problem w SA node, pacemaker

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31
Q

Bradycardia and arrhymia

A

Decrease heart rate, electrical signal problem, can’t reach valves

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32
Q

Blood typing…

A

Method of classifying blood based on proteins on surface of RBC

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33
Q

Most common used classification system for blood

A

ABO/Rh system

34
Q

What happens when heart contracts

A

Pushes blood out into arteries of body

35
Q

Blood pressure

A

Force created by the pulse of blood flowing through the artery

36
Q

Healthy BP

A

120/80

37
Q

Blood measured in…

A

Mmhg, recorded w stethoscope

38
Q

High BP concerns

A

increases your risk of heart attack, heart failure and sudden cardiac death. can cause your heart muscle to weaken and work less efficiently.

39
Q

What is the pulse

A

Arteries expanding in rhythm w contraction of heart

40
Q

Sounds created by heart are caused by…

A

Heart valves opening/closing

41
Q

Used to measure pulse

A

Stethoscope

42
Q

How many pulse points are there

A

7

  • radial
  • brachial
  • carotid
  • popliteal
  • posterior tibial
  • dorsalis pedis
43
Q

How can pulse points be felt at different points

A

Can be felt anywhere an artery runs close to the skin

44
Q

Which chambers are pumping chambers of the heart

A

Ventricles

45
Q

Which chambers are the receiving chambers of the heart

A

Atriums

46
Q

Purpose of heart valves

A

Prevent backflow of blood

47
Q

What artery carries deoxygenated blood

A

Pulmonary, takes blood to lungs from the heart

48
Q

Coronary artery function

A

Deliver blood to heart muscles

49
Q

Largest artery

A

Aorta, brings oxygenated blood from heart to the tissues, comes from left ventricle

50
Q

Surrounding the heart is a tough layer of connective tissue and epithelial

A

Pericardium

51
Q

Why does the atria have v little muscle

A

Doesn’t pump blood far

52
Q

Heart block

A

Enlarged heart, damage from heart attack

53
Q

Heart filled w blood

A

Diastolic

54
Q

Blood groups are…

A

Antigens on blood

55
Q

What doesn’t have antibodies unless exposed to other blood

A

A-

56
Q

What is dominant and recessive in blood

A

A and B

O

57
Q

Rh factor on pregnancy

A

Mom is positive and dad is negative on second baby

58
Q

What has Rh+ factor

A

Positives

59
Q

Factors that may inhibit or enhance blood clotting process

A

blood doesn’t have enough water viscosity, dehydrated not enough blood volumes, slows down. Too big of a cut, hemorrhages. Low blood pressure, blood isn’t moving as fast. Low platelet count.

60
Q

BP formula

A

Force per unit area

61
Q

Blood viscosity ex.

A

Dehydration (thickens)

INCREASE BP

62
Q

Total blood vessel length

A

Longer vessel, more friction

INCREASE BP

63
Q

Hypertension

A

High BP, “silent killer”

64
Q

Hypertension risks and effects

A

Effects: damages arteries, plaque build up
Risks: stroke, aneurysms, heart attacks

65
Q

Leaking valve may result in…

A

Clotting in arteries

66
Q

Aneurysm

A

High BP= weakens arteries, fills up w blood, bubbles, of bursts you are dead.

67
Q

Heart failure

A

Enlarged heart

68
Q

Cardiac arrest defibrillation

A

Heart is Pumping so fast that the blood is pooling. Shocking the heart will put it back in a regular rhythm

69
Q

Another word for heart attack

A

Myocardial infarction

70
Q

Deoxygenated blood color

A

Dark red

71
Q

4 main phenotypes in ABO system

A

A,B,O, AB

72
Q

ABO gene on long arm chormosome

A

9

73
Q

Antigens

A

On your cells, glycoproteins on RBC

74
Q

Agglutination

A

Sticking together

75
Q

What determines blood types

A

Presence of absence of antigens

76
Q

Antibodies

A

Produces to non self, produce to things that don’t belong to you

77
Q

Universal donor and recipient

A

R: Ab
D: 0

78
Q

ABO mismatched transfusions

A

Blood coagulates and body attack’s RBC

More severe in group O patients (A and B: anti)

79
Q

Most complex system in blood

A

Rh with over 45 antigens

80
Q

ABO and Rh genes are…

A

Not linked

Anatomy (17 decks)

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