Digestion Quiz Flashcards
Three groups of macromolecules?
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Protein
Carbohydrates
Made up of monosaccharides, energy source for storage, produce ATP
Lipids
Energy and insulation, made up of glycerol&fatty acids
Proteins
hormonal controls, nitrogen balance, assist body in repairing cells and making new ones, important dietary and energy requirement.
What are proteins monomers
Amino acids
Explain you are what you eat
Means it is important to eat good food in order to be Healthy and fit.
Example of you are what you eat
“I’m feeling more energetic now that I’ve given up bread.”
The resulting glucose may cause brief energy spike bu will b followed with fatigue.
How do you make pepsin
Pepsinagin combines with HCL to form pepsin that begins digestion
Why is there a lining in the stomach
It is a lining of cells w mucus lining, so that stomach doesn’t eat itself.
How does the length of the small intestine fit in the abdomen
Coiled up
How is the length of the digestive tract and the purpose of digestion connected
Helps digestion by allowing time and space to break food down, absorb nutrients and water
What percent of digestion happens in the smell intestine
90%
How long does it take to digest food
One-theee days, must go thru a long process and absorb all nutrients
What is a primary component of the esophagus
Smooth muscle
Peristalsis
Involuntary, wave like contractions that help move food from proximal end to distal end of stomach
If peristalsis didn’t happen what would happen?
Food may not leave the esophagus, resulting in choking. Digestion would slow down.
GERD
epithelial tissue lining the esophagus changes from simple squamous to columnar, containing mucus production cells
Explain why chronic acid reflux could cause this cell change to occur. Why do individuals with Barrett’s esophagus have an increased risk of esophageal cancer?
If there is an excess of acid in esophagus, more mucus is needed to reduce friction. Because cells are changing and mutating, a cancerous mutation is more likely to happen
What does your stomach secrete
HCL
Gastric juice has a low pH
True
Purposevlf gastric juice
Kill bacteria, make food soluble, and establish pH for pepsin
What does pepsin do
Breaks down proteins in smaller pieces
How would homeostasis be disrupted in the human body if too little hydrochloric acid was produced by the parietal cells in the stomach?
pH would be off and the chemo receptors would be alerted.
Intestines would have a harder time absorbing nutrients
The cells that make up the lining of the small intestine contain tiny projections
Microvilli
What does microvilli do
Increase SA by factor of 10, so that more absorption occurs
Purpose of large intestine
Absorb water from remaining indigestible food matter and transmit useless waste from body
How is homeostasis disrupted in the body if too much water passes out of the large intestine?
If there’s too much water, it will exit w feces causing dehydration.
Liver, gallbladder, pancreas produce…
Enzymes and hormones to help break down food
Liver produces…
Bile
What stores bile
Gallbladder
What does bile help do
Emulsify fats
What does the pancreas produce
Insulin and glucagon to help regulate blood sugar
What would happen if gall bladder was not functional
Results in gall stones, stones will block bile, fats aren’t broken down, pain, damage
GI TRACT…
MELPSS
Accessory structures
TTSLGP
Two types of digestion
Mechanical and chemical
What happens in mechanical digestion
Chewing happens, mixing food w saliva by tounge, churning food in stomach, and rhythmic constrictions of Small intestine.
What happens in chemical digestion
Mouth to small intestine, break down into chemical building blocks by enzymes
Process of digestion…
Begins in mouth: saliva-kills bacteria that enters w food, lubricates food, protects mouth lining.
Moves thru esophagus: peristalsis
Stomach: gastric juices mix w food, degrades extracellular matrix binding w cells, kills bacteria, food turns into chyme.
Small intestine: digestion completed
Chyme
nutrient rich broth
How does saliva aid in digestion
Contains amilase which begins the breakdown of carbs
How does villi aid in digestive processes?
AIDS in adsorption of nutrients, increases SA of small intestine.
How does food in digestive tract move
Movement in esophagus, stomach, and in SI is peristalsis.
Ureter function
Made up of smooth muscle, move urine from kidney to the bladder
Kidney function
Filter wastes out of blood.maintains homeostasis in body.
Urinary bladder
Stores urine
Urethra
Carries urine from bladder to outside of the body.
What is the role of ADH in regulation of water balance by the kidney
ADH binds to receptors on collecting duct, promotes reabsorption of water.
Role of hormones and enzymes
Break down and digest food, carbs or starches.
Amilase
Gastric juices: break solid food into liquid
Pepsin
Bile and pancreatic enzymes mix w chyme to complete breakdown of carbs proteins and lipids
CER
Gastric bypass surgery Celiac Crohn’s IRS Colitis Hydroneophrpsis: rapid weight loss.
Blood in urine:
blood clots in renal vein because it prevents back flow to heart, which results in backup in ureter.
What do the capillaries in kidney have for epithelium
Simple squamous
Renal hilum
connects the veins, arteries, and ureter together, bleeding can occur if damaged. Blood would be flowing in areas where it shouldn’t be
How is urine formed
Through filtration of blood, passed through ureters to bladder, where stored.
Nephron diagram
Urinary problem s
Diabetes
Proteinuria, too much protein in urine
Kidney stones
How is kidney stones treated
Drink liquids to pass stone
How do kidney stones form
When your urine contains more crystal forming substances than the fluid can dilute.
Treatments of proteinuria
Sign of kidney disease, overproduction of proteins by body, must prevent progressive kidney damage
ACE inhibitors
Or ARBs
Accessory organs
Liver, gallbladder, and pancreas, tongue, salivary glands
Liver
Secretes bile to emulsify fats in SI
Gall bladder
Stores bile
