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Anatomy > Digestion Quiz > Flashcards

Digestion Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

Three groups of macromolecules?

A

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Protein

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2
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Made up of monosaccharides, energy source for storage, produce ATP

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3
Q

Lipids

A

Energy and insulation, made up of glycerol&fatty acids

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4
Q

Proteins

A

hormonal controls, nitrogen balance, assist body in repairing cells and making new ones, important dietary and energy requirement.

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5
Q

What are proteins monomers

A

Amino acids

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6
Q

Explain you are what you eat

A

Means it is important to eat good food in order to be Healthy and fit.

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7
Q

Example of you are what you eat

A

“I’m feeling more energetic now that I’ve given up bread.”

The resulting glucose may cause brief energy spike bu will b followed with fatigue.

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8
Q

How do you make pepsin

A

Pepsinagin combines with HCL to form pepsin that begins digestion

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9
Q

Why is there a lining in the stomach

A

It is a lining of cells w mucus lining, so that stomach doesn’t eat itself.

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10
Q

How does the length of the small intestine fit in the abdomen

A

Coiled up

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11
Q

How is the length of the digestive tract and the purpose of digestion connected

A

Helps digestion by allowing time and space to break food down, absorb nutrients and water

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12
Q

What percent of digestion happens in the smell intestine

A

90%

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13
Q

How long does it take to digest food

A

One-theee days, must go thru a long process and absorb all nutrients

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14
Q

What is a primary component of the esophagus

A

Smooth muscle

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15
Q

Peristalsis

A

Involuntary, wave like contractions that help move food from proximal end to distal end of stomach

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16
Q

If peristalsis didn’t happen what would happen?

A

Food may not leave the esophagus, resulting in choking. Digestion would slow down.

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17
Q

GERD

A

epithelial tissue lining the esophagus changes from simple squamous to columnar, containing mucus production cells

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18
Q

Explain why chronic acid reflux could cause this cell change to occur. Why do individuals with Barrett’s esophagus have an increased risk of esophageal cancer?

A

If there is an excess of acid in esophagus, more mucus is needed to reduce friction. Because cells are changing and mutating, a cancerous mutation is more likely to happen

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19
Q

What does your stomach secrete

A

HCL

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20
Q

Gastric juice has a low pH

A

True

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21
Q

Purposevlf gastric juice

A

Kill bacteria, make food soluble, and establish pH for pepsin

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22
Q

What does pepsin do

A

Breaks down proteins in smaller pieces

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23
Q

How would homeostasis be disrupted in the human body if too little hydrochloric acid was produced by the parietal cells in the stomach?

A

pH would be off and the chemo receptors would be alerted.

Intestines would have a harder time absorbing nutrients

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24
Q

The cells that make up the lining of the small intestine contain tiny projections

A

Microvilli

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25
Q

What does microvilli do

A

Increase SA by factor of 10, so that more absorption occurs

26
Q

Purpose of large intestine

A

Absorb water from remaining indigestible food matter and transmit useless waste from body

27
Q

How is homeostasis disrupted in the body if too much water passes out of the large intestine?

A

If there’s too much water, it will exit w feces causing dehydration.

28
Q

Liver, gallbladder, pancreas produce…

A

Enzymes and hormones to help break down food

29
Q

Liver produces…

A

Bile

30
Q

What stores bile

A

Gallbladder

31
Q

What does bile help do

A

Emulsify fats

32
Q

What does the pancreas produce

A

Insulin and glucagon to help regulate blood sugar

33
Q

What would happen if gall bladder was not functional

A

Results in gall stones, stones will block bile, fats aren’t broken down, pain, damage

34
Q

GI TRACT…

A

MELPSS

35
Q

Accessory structures

A

TTSLGP

36
Q

Two types of digestion

A

Mechanical and chemical

37
Q

What happens in mechanical digestion

A

Chewing happens, mixing food w saliva by tounge, churning food in stomach, and rhythmic constrictions of Small intestine.

38
Q

What happens in chemical digestion

A

Mouth to small intestine, break down into chemical building blocks by enzymes

39
Q

Process of digestion…

A

Begins in mouth: saliva-kills bacteria that enters w food, lubricates food, protects mouth lining.

Moves thru esophagus: peristalsis

Stomach: gastric juices mix w food, degrades extracellular matrix binding w cells, kills bacteria, food turns into chyme.

Small intestine: digestion completed

40
Q

Chyme

A

nutrient rich broth

41
Q

How does saliva aid in digestion

A

Contains amilase which begins the breakdown of carbs

42
Q

How does villi aid in digestive processes?

A

AIDS in adsorption of nutrients, increases SA of small intestine.

43
Q

How does food in digestive tract move

A

Movement in esophagus, stomach, and in SI is peristalsis.

44
Q

Ureter function

A

Made up of smooth muscle, move urine from kidney to the bladder

45
Q

Kidney function

A

Filter wastes out of blood.maintains homeostasis in body.

46
Q

Urinary bladder

A

Stores urine

47
Q

Urethra

A

Carries urine from bladder to outside of the body.

48
Q

What is the role of ADH in regulation of water balance by the kidney

A

ADH binds to receptors on collecting duct, promotes reabsorption of water.

49
Q

Role of hormones and enzymes

A

Break down and digest food, carbs or starches.
Amilase
Gastric juices: break solid food into liquid
Pepsin
Bile and pancreatic enzymes mix w chyme to complete breakdown of carbs proteins and lipids

50
Q

CER

A 
Gastric bypass surgery 
Celiac 
Crohn’s 
IRS
Colitis
Hydroneophrpsis: rapid weight loss.
51
Q

Blood in urine:

A

blood clots in renal vein because it prevents back flow to heart, which results in backup in ureter.

52
Q

What do the capillaries in kidney have for epithelium

A

Simple squamous

53
Q

Renal hilum

A

connects the veins, arteries, and ureter together, bleeding can occur if damaged. Blood would be flowing in areas where it shouldn’t be

54
Q

How is urine formed

A

Through filtration of blood, passed through ureters to bladder, where stored.

Nephron diagram

55
Q

Urinary problem s

A

Diabetes
Proteinuria, too much protein in urine
Kidney stones

56
Q

How is kidney stones treated

A

Drink liquids to pass stone

57
Q

How do kidney stones form

A

When your urine contains more crystal forming substances than the fluid can dilute.

58
Q

Treatments of proteinuria

A

Sign of kidney disease, overproduction of proteins by body, must prevent progressive kidney damage
ACE inhibitors
Or ARBs

59
Q

Accessory organs

A

Liver, gallbladder, and pancreas, tongue, salivary glands

60
Q

Liver

A

Secretes bile to emulsify fats in SI

61
Q

Gall bladder

A

Stores bile

Anatomy (17 decks)

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