Digestion Quiz

Question 1

Three groups of macromolecules?

Answer 1

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Protein

Question 2

Carbohydrates

Answer 2

Made up of monosaccharides, energy source for storage, produce ATP

Question 3

Lipids

Answer 3

Energy and insulation, made up of glycerol&fatty acids

Question 4

Proteins

Answer 4

hormonal controls, nitrogen balance, assist body in repairing cells and making new ones, important dietary and energy requirement.

Question 5

What are proteins monomers

Answer 5

Amino acids

Question 6

Explain you are what you eat

Answer 6

Means it is important to eat good food in order to be Healthy and fit.

Question 7

Example of you are what you eat

Answer 7

“I’m feeling more energetic now that I’ve given up bread.”

The resulting glucose may cause brief energy spike bu will b followed with fatigue.

Question 8

How do you make pepsin

Answer 8

Pepsinagin combines with HCL to form pepsin that begins digestion

Question 9

Why is there a lining in the stomach

Answer 9

It is a lining of cells w mucus lining, so that stomach doesn’t eat itself.

Question 10

How does the length of the small intestine fit in the abdomen

Answer 10

Coiled up

Question 11

How is the length of the digestive tract and the purpose of digestion connected

Answer 11

Helps digestion by allowing time and space to break food down, absorb nutrients and water

Question 12

What percent of digestion happens in the smell intestine

Answer 12

90%

Question 13

How long does it take to digest food

Answer 13

One-theee days, must go thru a long process and absorb all nutrients

Question 14

What is a primary component of the esophagus

Answer 14

Smooth muscle

Question 15

Peristalsis

Answer 15

Involuntary, wave like contractions that help move food from proximal end to distal end of stomach

Question 16

If peristalsis didn’t happen what would happen?

Answer 16

Food may not leave the esophagus, resulting in choking. Digestion would slow down.

Question 17

GERD

Answer 17

epithelial tissue lining the esophagus changes from simple squamous to columnar, containing mucus production cells

Question 18

Explain why chronic acid reflux could cause this cell change to occur. Why do individuals with Barrett’s esophagus have an increased risk of esophageal cancer?

Answer 18

If there is an excess of acid in esophagus, more mucus is needed to reduce friction. Because cells are changing and mutating, a cancerous mutation is more likely to happen

Question 19

What does your stomach secrete

Answer 19

HCL

Question 20

Gastric juice has a low pH

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Purposevlf gastric juice

Answer 21

Kill bacteria, make food soluble, and establish pH for pepsin

Question 22

What does pepsin do

Answer 22

Breaks down proteins in smaller pieces

Question 23

How would homeostasis be disrupted in the human body if too little hydrochloric acid was produced by the parietal cells in the stomach?

Answer 23

pH would be off and the chemo receptors would be alerted.

Intestines would have a harder time absorbing nutrients

Question 24

The cells that make up the lining of the small intestine contain tiny projections

Answer 24

Microvilli

Question 25

What does microvilli do

Answer 25

Increase SA by factor of 10, so that more absorption occurs

Question 26

Purpose of large intestine

Answer 26

Absorb water from remaining indigestible food matter and transmit useless waste from body

Question 27

How is homeostasis disrupted in the body if too much water passes out of the large intestine?

Answer 27

If there’s too much water, it will exit w feces causing dehydration.

Question 28

Liver, gallbladder, pancreas produce...

Answer 28

Enzymes and hormones to help break down food

Question 29

Liver produces...

Answer 29

Bile

Question 30

What stores bile

Answer 30

Gallbladder

Question 31

What does bile help do

Answer 31

Emulsify fats

Question 32

What does the pancreas produce

Answer 32

Insulin and glucagon to help regulate blood sugar

Question 33

What would happen if gall bladder was not functional

Answer 33

Results in gall stones, stones will block bile, fats aren’t broken down, pain, damage

Question 34

GI TRACT...

Answer 34

MELPSS

Question 35

Accessory structures

Answer 35

TTSLGP

Question 36

Two types of digestion

Answer 36

Mechanical and chemical

Question 37

What happens in mechanical digestion

Answer 37

Chewing happens, mixing food w saliva by tounge, churning food in stomach, and rhythmic constrictions of Small intestine.

Question 38

What happens in chemical digestion

Answer 38

Mouth to small intestine, break down into chemical building blocks by enzymes

Question 39

Process of digestion...

Answer 39

Begins in mouth: saliva-kills bacteria that enters w food, lubricates food, protects mouth lining. Moves thru esophagus: peristalsis Stomach: gastric juices mix w food, degrades extracellular matrix binding w cells, kills bacteria, food turns into chyme. Small intestine: digestion completed

Question 40

Chyme

Answer 40

nutrient rich broth

Question 41

How does saliva aid in digestion

Answer 41

Contains amilase which begins the breakdown of carbs

Question 42

How does villi aid in digestive processes?

Answer 42

AIDS in adsorption of nutrients, increases SA of small intestine.

Question 43

How does food in digestive tract move

Answer 43

Movement in esophagus, stomach, and in SI is peristalsis.

Question 44

Ureter function

Answer 44

Made up of smooth muscle, move urine from kidney to the bladder

Question 45

Kidney function

Answer 45

Filter wastes out of blood.maintains homeostasis in body.

Question 46

Urinary bladder

Answer 46

Stores urine

Question 47

Urethra

Answer 47

Carries urine from bladder to outside of the body.

Question 48

What is the role of ADH in regulation of water balance by the kidney

Answer 48

ADH binds to receptors on collecting duct, promotes reabsorption of water.

Question 49

Role of hormones and enzymes

Answer 49

Break down and digest food, carbs or starches. Amilase Gastric juices: break solid food into liquid Pepsin Bile and pancreatic enzymes mix w chyme to complete breakdown of carbs proteins and lipids

Question 50

CER

Answer 50

``` Gastric bypass surgery Celiac Crohn’s IRS Colitis Hydroneophrpsis: rapid weight loss. ```

Question 51

Blood in urine:

Answer 51

blood clots in renal vein because it prevents back flow to heart, which results in backup in ureter.

Question 52

What do the capillaries in kidney have for epithelium

Answer 52

Simple squamous

Question 53

Renal hilum

Answer 53

connects the veins, arteries, and ureter together, bleeding can occur if damaged. Blood would be flowing in areas where it shouldn’t be

Question 54

How is urine formed

Answer 54

Through filtration of blood, passed through ureters to bladder, where stored. Nephron diagram

Question 55

Urinary problem s

Answer 55

Diabetes Proteinuria, too much protein in urine Kidney stones

Question 56

How is kidney stones treated

Answer 56

Drink liquids to pass stone

Question 57

How do kidney stones form

Answer 57

When your urine contains more crystal forming substances than the fluid can dilute.

Question 58

Treatments of proteinuria

Answer 58

Sign of kidney disease, overproduction of proteins by body, must prevent progressive kidney damage ACE inhibitors Or ARBs

Question 59

Accessory organs

Answer 59

Liver, gallbladder, and pancreas, tongue, salivary glands

Question 60

Liver

Answer 60

Secretes bile to emulsify fats in SI

Question 61

Gall bladder

Answer 61

Stores bile