Heart Physiology Flashcards
The two main types of coronary arteries are the left and right. The left main coronary artery divides into ___________. Finish the sentence.
The left main coronary artery divides into left anterior descending and circumflex arteries.
Name the three layers of the heart.
- pericardium
- myocardium
- endocardium
The left anterior descending artery supplies blood to which part of the heart?
Left ventricle
The circumflex branch of the left coronary artery supplies blood to which part of the heart?
Left lateral wall of the left ventricle.
The right coronary artery supplies blood to which part of the heart?
Right ventricle.
The posterior descending artery is apart of what artery and where does it supply blood?
Part of the right coronary artery and supplies blood to the posterior portion of the heart.
Working myocardial cells will vasodilate, and this is due to which substances?
- potassium ions
- lactic acid
- carbon dioxide
- adenosine
Fibrous skeleton separates what?
The atria and ventricles, and anchors the valves and cardiac muscle.
Name the two atrioventricular valves.
Mitral and tricuspid.
Name the two semilunar valves.
Aortic and pulmonic.
Explain preload.
Preload represents the volume work of the heart. It is called the preload because it is the work imposed on the heart before the contraction begins. It represents the amount of blood the heart must pump with each beat.
Explain afterload.
Afterload is the pressure work of the heart. It is pressure that the heart must generate to move blood into the aorta. It is called afterload because it is the work presented to the heart after the contraction has commenced.
Explain the absolute refractory period.
No action potential can be stimulated during this time. This prevents another cardiac contraction until the first is completed.
