Heart Pathology Flashcards
What diagnostic tests do we use for cardiac tamponade
Echocardiography most useful noninvasiv etechnoque to see wehther pericardial effusion has led to cardiac tamponade & can differentiate btw CT and other causes of low CO.
Catheterization is the definitve diagnostic procedure for CT
Treatment of CT, how are they used?
Pericardiocentesis, remocal of excess fluid in the pericardial cavity, patient is positioned 45 degress up to promote pooling of the effusion and a needle is inserted through the skin to the pericardial space (just below Xiphoid process, safest location to prevent peircing the coronory arteries)
What pressure changes occur in cardiac tamponade
Systemic blood pressure decrease
Venous pressure increases
The pericardial pressure equals the diastolic pressure in all heart chambers
When pericardial is obtained for diagnostic purposes, what should u check dor
Bacteria, fungi, acid -fast bacilli (TB) , cell counts (WBC) may be elevated in bacterial i fections and other inflammatory conditions, protein, LACTATE dehydrogenease levels
Causes of CT
Trauma TB POST MI free wall reupture Aortic dissection Neoplasia
What happens to the diastolic pressure during CT? Systemic BP? Why are they so?
Its elevated due to the pericardial effusion squeezing on it
Systemic blood pressure decreases due to underfilling of LV, vauses less EDV, less strech, less contractility, less SV, less CO, less systemic BP
What heart sound do u hear under a microscope during CT
Muffled heart sounds
Turbulent flow vs laminar flow
Laminar flow is when all the blood moves in strait line in the same direction.
Turbulent flowing in all directions and mixing with the vessels.
What can cause turbulent flow?
- an obstruction in the blood vessel
- when it makes a sharp turn
- when it passes over a rough surface
- when blood flow rate becomes too great
when in the cardiac cycle would u expect to hear a murmur if a patient has AS?
systole
MR AS cause systolic murmur
becks triad?
high JVP, Low BP, Muffled heart sound, tachycardia
why does a patient develop tachycardia during CT? in what case is tachycardia not present?
due to heart compensating, bu tin case of having deem, this won’t be present
what leads to JVD?
back flow of blood in R side, increases JVP>JVD
difference btw CT & pericardial effusion
pericardial effusion is excessive fluid in pericardial sac, it becomes a CT ONLY if it alters heart normal function
in which direction would the septum be pushed during a tamponade? why?
to the left, because RV wall is thinner and is squeezed more
