Cradiac Cycle Flashcards
What is the cardiac cycle actually called?
Wiggers diagram
What causes the x descent in the graoh
Atria pressure decreases as it is pulled downwards as vemtricles contract
When can u sometimes hear the 3rd heart sound? Is it normal?
U can here the 3rd heart sound durimg ventricular filled in children, that is normal, but if it occured in adults, it is abnormal
What happens durimg aortic stenosis? Why can this lead to the heart blocking its own blood supply?
Aortic valves does not open enough!
Because the ehart is already hypertrophic, so when it contracts, it squeezes on its owm blood supply!»_space;low o2 available
Why does the heart undergo hypertrophy in aortic stenosis?
To compensate for the increased pressure it experienced
Causes of aorttic stenosis
Calcific vavular disease
Congenital bicuspid
Rhemuatic heart disease
Symptoms of aortic stenosis
Angina» due to imbalance in o2 supply
dyspnea
Syncope» due to low cerebral perfusion
Worsens during excersize
What changes in the phonogram!
There is presence of a murmur btw S1&S2
What is aortic regurgitation?
Aortic Valves do not close properly (permits back flow of blood
Cause of aortic regurgitaton
-anuerysm in aorta (aortic dilation)
-aortic dissection
-infective endocarditis» loaded with alot of bacteria & neutrophils that released destructive enzymes and damaged the valvular tissue
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What happens to the diastole amd systole in aortic regurgitation? What about about the pulse?
Sytole» increases (220mmHg)
Diastole» decreases (20mmHg)
U get boundimg pilse, bc pulse pressure is so high!
What do u hear in a phonogram of aortic valve regurgitation?
Look at najeebs notes
Why do u get RV hypertrophy in mitral valve stenosis?
Bc blood im the LA cannot pass to the LV, the blood in the atria backflows to the lungs and causes oulmonary hypertension, this causes extra blood being brough back to the heart to the RA and then RV, the RV Will find it difficult to squeeze out this extra blood , causomg HYPERTROPHY OF THE RV»_space; right sided heart failure
Why do u experience dyspagia during aortic regurgitation?
There is increased pressure in the right atrium which compresses onto the eosophageous
What is Quinke’s sign?
Quincke’s pulse is a physical finding of severe and chronic aortic regurgitation . Regurgitant blood flow into a dilated left ventricle during diastole leads to a decrease in diastolic pressure and a consequent increase in stroke volume, resulting in blanching and flushing, respectively, of the nail bed
In cardiac cycle where is sytole?
Isovolumeric contraction (1st heart sound) to reduced ejection (just BEFORE 2nd heart sound)
What is sytole?
Contraction and ejection of blood from the ventricles
what type of anaemia can result from aortic valve stenosis? explain why
microangiopathic haemolytic anemia.
due to SHEAR STRESS on rbc passing through the stenotic valve, this causes damage to the rbc that r passing, these rbi’s will eventually be removed by the spleen causing anaemia
what is a MAJOR cause of mitral stenosis?
explain how it causes it
Rheumatic fever
can lead to fibrosis, disrupting seal formation.
would aortic regurgitation increase or decrease SV?
increase
which condition can result from mitral valve stenosis?
- polydypsia
- dysphagia
- polyuria
- dystonia
dyspagia, MS leads to LA to be dilated therefore compressing on the esophsgeous leading to dysphagia (diffuculty swallowing)
describe the murmur sounds in each heart disease
AS= cresendo-decresendo murmur
AR= early decrescendo diastolic murmur
MS=distolic rumble
MR=holosystolic murmur
