Anatomy Flashcards
Describe structure and function of pericardial sac
The pericardium fixes the heart to the mediastinum, gives protection against infection, and provides the lubrication for the heart.
What is another name for the visceral layer of the heart
Epicardiam
Which ventricle lies in the apex area?
Left
What forms the right border of the heart, the left border of the heart & the inferior border (diaphragmatic surface of the heart?
Right border: right atrium
Left border: left ventricle
Inferior border: mostly right ventricle
What is fibrois pericardiam composed of? Describe it
Thick dense connective tissue (so hard! And unstretchable) it is also called the cardiac skeleton! Its collagen and elastic fibers thicken in some areas than others for ex (more
What is pericarditis? Sounder heard? Where is paint felt?
Inflammation of the pericardiam, the serous membranes roughen and forms a cracking sound under stethescope. Characterized by pain deep into sternum
What splits the right and left ventricle?
Interventricular septum
What it cardiac tamponade? Treatment
Inflammatory fluid leaks into the pericardial cavity and compresses on the heart! And limits its ability to pump blood!
Insert a stringe into the perocardial cavity amd drain excess fluid>> pericardiocentesis
Cardiac tamponade is compression of the heart leading to a fall in arterial blood pressure
(must say a fall in bp ok?
What is phrenic nerve ? How is it related to the heart?
C3,4,5 keeps the diaphragm alive It supplies sensory nerves from the pericardiam
Where does the heart lie?
In the middle mediastinum
The subclavian artery curves arounf which muscle?
Scalene
What r branches of the external carotid A?
Some Anatomists Like Freaking Out Poor Medical Students S: superior thyroid artery. A: ascending pharyngeal artery. L: lingual artery. F: facial artery. O: occipital artery. P: posterior auricular artery. M: maxillary artery. S: superficial temporal artery.
What does the brachiocephaloc artery supply
Head neck and r.arm
What is the azygous vein? Function
The azygos vein is a vein running up the side of the thoracic vertebral column draining itself towards the superior vena cava. It connects the systems of superior vena cava and inferior vena cava and can provide an alternative path for blood to the right atrium when either of the venae cavae is blocked.[2][3]
At what level does the abdominal aorta bifurcate into the common iliac arteries?
L4
Which nerve curves around the aorta
Vagus nerve
Which nerve curves around the aorta
Vagus nerve
Main venous drainage of heart?where does it drain into?
Coronory sinus,drains into R.atrium
Where is the transverse pericardial sinus?
What r thebesian veins? What do they drain?
The smallest cardiac veins (valvuless veins in wall of heart chamber) they peirce throught he heart to reach the papillary muscles and LV, They also may provide a tiny route for small amount of blood returning to cardiac chambers
Which vein on the heart does NOT join onto the coronory sinus?
Anterior cardiac vein
Which coronory artery is mostly affected in MI, what is its other name?
L anterior descending (Anterior interventricular A.) “The widow maker”
how much does the heart weigh?
350g
what is the typical stroke volume for each ventricle of the heart
70ml
what is typical duration of AP? 3 s 5 s 1 s 0.28s
0.28sc
name the term= “store of blood that can be called upon to cope with temorary imbalances btw the amount blood returning to the heart and the amount requirede to pump out”
Capacitance
in the veins
describe the aortas divissions
whihc nerve supplies the diaphragm and pericardium?
phrenic nerve
label
what type of muscle is present in the tunica media of arterioles
smooth muscle
How many liters of blood do we contain?
5L
2>>RBC
3>plasma
Which vessels does most of our blood lie?
Define end artery
The best example of an absolute end artery?
An end arteries is a terminal artery supplying all or most of the blood to a body part without significant collateral circulation
EXAMPLES
coronary arteries, splenic artery, cerebral arteries and renal arteries
is the central artery to the retina
example of natural collateral circulation in body
What is an aneurysm? Where in the body is it most common and why?
a dilatation of a blood vessel
Commonest site by far is infrarenal abdominal aorta
bc there is less elastin here at the junction
Where on the precordium would you feel for the apex beat if the heart is normal?
Coronory arteries supply to heart
what supplies the Av and sa node?
blood supply to heart!
where does AV valves close and open
where does aortic valve close/ open?
Equation for MAP?
