Anatomy

Question 1

Describe structure and function of pericardial sac

Answer 1

The pericardium fixes the heart to the mediastinum, gives protection against infection, and provides the lubrication for the heart.

Question 2

What is another name for the visceral layer of the heart

Answer 2

Epicardiam

Question 3

Which ventricle lies in the apex area?

Answer 3

Left

Question 4

What forms the right border of the heart, the left border of the heart & the inferior border (diaphragmatic surface of the heart?

Answer 4

Right border: right atrium
Left border: left ventricle
Inferior border: mostly right ventricle

Question 5

What is fibrois pericardiam composed of? Describe it

Answer 5

Thick dense connective tissue (so hard! And unstretchable) it is also called the cardiac skeleton! Its collagen and elastic fibers thicken in some areas than others for ex (more

Question 6

What is pericarditis? Sounder heard? Where is paint felt?

Answer 6

Inflammation of the pericardiam, the serous membranes roughen and forms a cracking sound under stethescope. Characterized by pain deep into sternum

Question 7

What splits the right and left ventricle?

Answer 7

Interventricular septum

Question 8

What it cardiac tamponade? Treatment

Answer 8

Inflammatory fluid leaks into the pericardial cavity and compresses on the heart! And limits its ability to pump blood!

Insert a stringe into the perocardial cavity amd drain excess fluid>> pericardiocentesis

Cardiac tamponade is compression of the heart leading to a fall in arterial blood pressure

(must say a fall in bp ok?

Question 9

What is phrenic nerve ? How is it related to the heart?

Answer 9

C3,4,5 keeps the diaphragm alive It supplies sensory nerves from the pericardiam

Question 10

Where does the heart lie?

Answer 10

In the middle mediastinum

Question 11

The subclavian artery curves arounf which muscle?

Answer 11

Scalene

Question 12

What r branches of the external carotid A?

Answer 12

Some Anatomists Like Freaking Out Poor Medical Students S: superior thyroid artery. A: ascending pharyngeal artery. L: lingual artery. F: facial artery. O: occipital artery. P: posterior auricular artery. M: maxillary artery. S: superficial temporal artery.

Question 13

What does the brachiocephaloc artery supply

Answer 13

Head neck and r.arm

Question 14

What is the azygous vein? Function

Answer 14

The azygos vein is a vein running up the side of the thoracic vertebral column draining itself towards the superior vena cava. It connects the systems of superior vena cava and inferior vena cava and can provide an alternative path for blood to the right atrium when either of the venae cavae is blocked.[2][3]

Question 15

At what level does the abdominal aorta bifurcate into the common iliac arteries?

Answer 15

L4

Question 16

Which nerve curves around the aorta

Answer 16

Vagus nerve

Question 17

Which nerve curves around the aorta

Answer 17

Vagus nerve

Question 18

Main venous drainage of heart?where does it drain into?

Answer 18

Coronory sinus,drains into R.atrium

Question 19

Where is the transverse pericardial sinus?

Answer 19

Question 20

What r thebesian veins? What do they drain?

Answer 20

The smallest cardiac veins (valvuless veins in wall of heart chamber) they peirce throught he heart to reach the papillary muscles and LV, They also may provide a tiny route for small amount of blood returning to cardiac chambers

Question 21

Which vein on the heart does NOT join onto the coronory sinus?

Answer 21

Anterior cardiac vein

Question 22

Which coronory artery is mostly affected in MI, what is its other name?

Answer 22

L anterior descending (Anterior interventricular A.) “The widow maker”

Question 23

how much does the heart weigh?

Answer 23

350g

Question 24

what is the typical stroke volume for each ventricle of the heart

Answer 24

70ml

Question 25

what is typical duration of AP? 3 s 5 s 1 s 0.28s

Answer 25

0.28sc

Question 26

name the term= “store of blood that can be called upon to cope with temorary imbalances btw the amount blood returning to the heart and the amount requirede to pump out”

Answer 26

Capacitance

in the veins

Question 27

Answer 27

Question 28

describe the aortas divissions

Answer 28

Question 29

whihc nerve supplies the diaphragm and pericardium?

Answer 29

phrenic nerve

Question 30

label

Answer 30

Question 31

what type of muscle is present in the tunica media of arterioles

Answer 31

smooth muscle

Question 33

Answer 33

Question 34

Answer 34

Question 35

How many liters of blood do we contain?

Answer 35

5L

2>>RBC

3>plasma

Question 36

Which vessels does most of our blood lie?

Answer 36

Question 37

Define end artery

The best example of an absolute end artery?

Answer 37

An end arteries is a terminal artery supplying all or most of the blood to a body part without significant collateral circulation

EXAMPLES

coronary arteries, splenic artery, cerebral arteries and renal arteries

is the central artery to the retina

Question 38

example of natural collateral circulation in body

Answer 38

Question 39

Question 40

Answer 40

Question 41

Answer 41

Question 42

What is an aneurysm? Where in the body is it most common and why?

Answer 42

a dilatation of a blood vessel
Commonest site by far is infrarenal abdominal aorta

bc there is less elastin here at the junction

Question 43

Answer 43

Question 44

Where on the precordium would you feel for the apex beat if the heart is normal?

Answer 44

Question 45

Coronory arteries supply to heart

what supplies the Av and sa node?

Answer 45

Question 46

blood supply to heart!

Answer 46

Question 47

where does AV valves close and open

where does aortic valve close/ open?

Answer 47

Question 48

Equation for MAP?

Answer 48