Heart & Lungs

Question 1

What are primary bronchi identified as?

Answer 1

Right & Left primary

Question 2

What are the secondary bronchi referred to?

Answer 2

Lobar bronchi

One for each lobe (Superior, middle, inferior)

Question 3

What are the tertiary bronchi referred to?

Answer 3

Segmental Bronchi

Question 4

Carina

Answer 4

Internal crease where division between primary bronchi

Question 5

Where are superior and inferior vena cava located on which lung?

Answer 5

Anterior to hilum of Right lung

Question 6

Where is the esophagus located on which lung?

Answer 6

For both left and right lung = posterior to hilum

Question 7

Where is the heart located in which lung?

Answer 7

Anterior to hilum // most anterior identifying structure for both lungs.

Question 8

Where is the Azygos vein located on which lung?

Answer 8

Superior and posterior to hilum on right lung only.

Question 9

Where is thoracic aorta on which lung?

Answer 9

Posterior to hilum and esophagus on left lung only.

Question 10

Where is the lingula located on which lung?

Answer 10

Lateral Anterior inferior corner of left lung only (looks like tongue).

Question 11

Arteries are superior to bronchi in which lung?

Answer 11

Left

Question 12

Arteries are anterior to bronchi in which lung?

Answer 12

Right

Question 13

What are the two recesses of the lungs? Where are they located?

Answer 13

Costodiaphragmatic = lateral inferior corners

Costomediastinal = vertical line at medial boarders

Question 14

What are the five plural coverings? What area do you find them in?

Answer 14

• visceral pleura (inside layer to lungs)
• parietal pleura: cervical (top), costal (lateral), diaphragmatic (inferior), mediastinal (medial)

Question 15

Layers of the pericardium (superficial to deep)

Answer 15

Fibrous
Parietal
Pericardial Cavity
Visceral Pericardium (Epicardium)
Myocardium
Endocardium (A & V linings)

Question 16

Where do you find the anterior interventricular sulcus?

Answer 16

Divides the R & L ventricles on the anterior surface.

Question 17

What is an auricle? Where would you find it?

Answer 17

“Lingula” of the atrium… extra pocket of muscle for both L & R atrium

Question 18

Aortic valve - where & what is in?

Answer 18

Left ventricle to ascending aorta

3 semilunar valves/leaflets

Question 19

What are papillary muscles?
How many and where?

Answer 19

Muscles in ventricles that connect atrioventricular valve via chordae tendineae to ventricle wall

3 in Right Ventricle (Anterior, Posterior, Septal)
2 in Left Ventricle (Anterior, Posterior)

Question 20

Interatrial septum - where? Describe.

Answer 20

Smooth wall that separates the L & R atrium

Question 21

Where is atrioventricular orfice? What is also in that same space?

Answer 21

Right atrium to ventricle. Tricuspid valve is within the orfice.

Question 22

How many pulmonary veins are there? Describe.

Answer 22

2 veins from each lung enter into the Left atrium with oxygenated blood.

Question 23

What was the fossa ovalis called pre-birth? What is the difference between structures?

Answer 23

Foremen Ovale - moved blood between atria when mother was still oxygenating blood

Fossa ovalis is the embryologic remanence from when closed with first breaths.

Question 24

Where are trabeculae carneae found? Describe.

Answer 24

Round columns found in ventricle walls.

Question 25

What are the two valves orfices in the right atrium? What is their purpose?

Answer 25

Inferior Vena Cava Coronary Sinus One way tract for blood to enter into the right atrium from an inferior direction.

Question 26

What is different about the septomarginal trabeculae?

Answer 26

Part of the trabeculae carneae, but larger and connected to the septal wall. Likely plays a role in the electrical conductivity.

Question 27

What is the valve the moves blood from Left Atrium to Left Ventricle? Describe.

Answer 27

Bicuspid / Mitral / Atrioventricular Two valves/chordeae/papillary muscles

Question 28

Describe chordae tendineae

Answer 28

Tendon of the ventricles that connect each bi/tricuspid valve to the corresponding papillary muscles.

Question 29

Pectinate Muscles — where is it found?

Answer 29

External wall lining of the atria

Question 30

Where would you find the cornus arteriosus?

Answer 30

The wall of the right ventricle as you move superior to the pulmonary arch.

Question 31

What is the line called between the interatrial septum and the pectinate muscles?

Answer 31

Crista Terminalis

Question 32

What is the line called between the cornus arteriosus and wall of right ventricle?

Answer 32

Supraventricular crest.

Question 33

What is auscultation?

Answer 33

A site where a stethoscope is placed to hear blood flowing through the chambers of the heart.

Question 34

Where are the four auscultation sites?

Answer 34

Aortic - R side of sternum @ sternoangle Pulmonary - L side of sternum @ sternoangle Tricuspid - 4th intercostal space Bicuspid - 5th intercostal space

Question 35

Where do coronary arteries branch from?

Answer 35

Ascending aorta (Feeds self first)

Question 36

What is the closest tributary to the right atrium?

Answer 36

Small Cardiac Vein

Question 37

What is the first branch of the left coronary artery? What does the LCA turn into?

Answer 37

Anterior interventricular artery. Circumflex artery.

Question 38

What vein drains into the right atrium?

Answer 38

Coronary Sinus

Question 39

The great cardiac vein runs with two arteries at different points. Which ones and where?

Answer 39

Circumflex artery in coronary sulcus. Anterior interventricular artery in anterior interventricular sulcus.

Question 40

Describe where L & R marginal arteries run.

Answer 40

Left and right sides of heart.

Question 41

What runs with the posterior interventricular artery?

Answer 41

Middle cardiac vein In posterior interventricular sulcus

Question 42

What are the two anastomosis of the heart arteries?

Answer 42

Anterior and posterior interventricular arteries Circumflex and right coronary arteries

Question 43

What is the electrical system of the heart?

Answer 43

SA Node AV Node Atrioventricular Bundle (Bundle of His) R&L Bundle Branches (Purkinje Fibers)

Question 44

What is the embryologic remnants that connect pulmonary trunk to the arch of the aorta?

Answer 44

Ligamentum Arteriosum Was called ductus arteriosus when open

Question 45

What are the three cell bodies shared in the dorsal root ganglion that play into referred pain

Answer 45

General Somatic Axons (Skin) Visceral Afferent Axons (Sympathetic) Pain Receptors in Myocardium (Heart Muscles)