Heart & Lungs Flashcards
What are primary bronchi identified as?
Right & Left primary
What are the secondary bronchi referred to?
Lobar bronchi
One for each lobe (Superior, middle, inferior)
What are the tertiary bronchi referred to?
Segmental Bronchi
Carina
Internal crease where division between primary bronchi
Where are superior and inferior vena cava located on which lung?
Anterior to hilum of Right lung
Where is the esophagus located on which lung?
For both left and right lung = posterior to hilum
Where is the heart located in which lung?
Anterior to hilum // most anterior identifying structure for both lungs.
Where is the Azygos vein located on which lung?
Superior and posterior to hilum on right lung only.
Where is thoracic aorta on which lung?
Posterior to hilum and esophagus on left lung only.
Where is the lingula located on which lung?
Lateral Anterior inferior corner of left lung only (looks like tongue).
Arteries are superior to bronchi in which lung?
Left
Arteries are anterior to bronchi in which lung?
Right
What are the two recesses of the lungs? Where are they located?
Costodiaphragmatic = lateral inferior corners
Costomediastinal = vertical line at medial boarders
What are the five plural coverings? What area do you find them in?
- visceral pleura (inside layer to lungs)
- parietal pleura: cervical (top), costal (lateral), diaphragmatic (inferior), mediastinal (medial)
Layers of the pericardium (superficial to deep)
Fibrous
Parietal
Pericardial Cavity
Visceral Pericardium (Epicardium)
Myocardium
Endocardium (A & V linings)
Where do you find the anterior interventricular sulcus?
Divides the R & L ventricles on the anterior surface.
What is an auricle? Where would you find it?
“Lingula” of the atrium… extra pocket of muscle for both L & R atrium
Aortic valve - where & what is in?
Left ventricle to ascending aorta
3 semilunar valves/leaflets
What are papillary muscles?
How many and where?
Muscles in ventricles that connect atrioventricular valve via chordae tendineae to ventricle wall
3 in Right Ventricle (Anterior, Posterior, Septal)
2 in Left Ventricle (Anterior, Posterior)
Interatrial septum - where? Describe.
Smooth wall that separates the L & R atrium
Where is atrioventricular orfice? What is also in that same space?
Right atrium to ventricle. Tricuspid valve is within the orfice.
How many pulmonary veins are there? Describe.
2 veins from each lung enter into the Left atrium with oxygenated blood.
What was the fossa ovalis called pre-birth? What is the difference between structures?
Foremen Ovale - moved blood between atria when mother was still oxygenating blood
Fossa ovalis is the embryologic remanence from when closed with first breaths.
Where are trabeculae carneae found? Describe.
Round columns found in ventricle walls.
What are the two valves orfices in the right atrium? What is their purpose?
Inferior Vena Cava
Coronary Sinus
One way tract for blood to enter into the right atrium from an inferior direction.
What is different about the septomarginal trabeculae?
Part of the trabeculae carneae, but larger and connected to the septal wall. Likely plays a role in the electrical conductivity.
What is the valve the moves blood from Left Atrium to Left Ventricle? Describe.
Bicuspid / Mitral / Atrioventricular
Two valves/chordeae/papillary muscles
Describe chordae tendineae
Tendon of the ventricles that connect each bi/tricuspid valve to the corresponding papillary muscles.
Pectinate Muscles — where is it found?
External wall lining of the atria
Where would you find the cornus arteriosus?
The wall of the right ventricle as you move superior to the pulmonary arch.
What is the line called between the interatrial septum and the pectinate muscles?
Crista Terminalis
What is the line called between the cornus arteriosus and wall of right ventricle?
Supraventricular crest.
What is auscultation?
A site where a stethoscope is placed to hear blood flowing through the chambers of the heart.
Where are the four auscultation sites?
Aortic - R side of sternum @ sternoangle
Pulmonary - L side of sternum @ sternoangle
Tricuspid - 4th intercostal space
Bicuspid - 5th intercostal space
Where do coronary arteries branch from?
Ascending aorta
(Feeds self first)
What is the closest tributary to the right atrium?
Small Cardiac Vein
What is the first branch of the left coronary artery? What does the LCA turn into?
Anterior interventricular artery.
Circumflex artery.
What vein drains into the right atrium?
Coronary Sinus
The great cardiac vein runs with two arteries at different points. Which ones and where?
Circumflex artery in coronary sulcus.
Anterior interventricular artery in anterior interventricular sulcus.
Describe where L & R marginal arteries run.
Left and right sides of heart.
What runs with the posterior interventricular artery?
Middle cardiac vein
In posterior interventricular sulcus
What are the two anastomosis of the heart arteries?
Anterior and posterior interventricular arteries
Circumflex and right coronary arteries
What is the electrical system of the heart?
SA Node
AV Node
Atrioventricular Bundle (Bundle of His)
R&L Bundle Branches (Purkinje Fibers)
What is the embryologic remnants that connect pulmonary trunk to the arch of the aorta?
Ligamentum Arteriosum
Was called ductus arteriosus when open
What are the three cell bodies shared in the dorsal root ganglion that play into referred pain
General Somatic Axons (Skin)
Visceral Afferent Axons (Sympathetic)
Pain Receptors in Myocardium (Heart Muscles)
