Neck & Subocciptal Flashcards
8 triangles of the neck:
Posterior: Occipital & Supraclavicular
Anterior: Submandible, Submental, Carotid, Muscular
4 Cervical Fascia:
Investing
Pretracheal
Prevertebral
Carotid
5 Branchial Arches
1-Mandibular
2-Hyoid
3-Third
4-Fourth
6-Sixth
Alternate names for First two cervical vertebrae
Atlas
Axis
What does the investing fascia contain?
Contains all extremities, surrounds SCM & Trap
Fascia that contains esophagus, trachea and thyroid cartilage
Pretracheal fascia
Vertically Oriented around spinal cord
Prevertebral fascia
Carotid Sheath
Internal Jugular
Common Carotid Artery
CN 10 - Vagus Nerve
Triangle: Anterior Boarder of Trap, Inferior Omohyoid, SCM ??
Contents?
Occipital Triangle (Posterior)
CN-11 Accessory Nerve
Trunks of the Brachial Plexus
Supraclavicular Triangle — borders & contents
Borders: Inferior Omohyoid, Clavicle, SCM
Contents: Subclavian Artery - Thyrocervical trunk:
Suprascapular
Transverse Cervical
Ascending Cervical
Inferior Thyroid
Anterior Triangles above the hyoid bone? Boarders
Contents
Submandibular - mandible, anterior digastric, posterior digastric
Submental - anterior digastric, midline of neck, mandible
Contents — Lymph
What triangle? SCM, Posterior Digastric, Superior Omohyoid
Carotid
Contents: Common Carotid, Internal Jugular Vein, CN-10
Boarders of Muscular Triangle
Midline of neck, superior Omohyoid, SCM
Cervical Plexus: Glenohyoid & Thyrohyoid
C1 via CN-12
(Motor)
Cervical Plexus: Ansa Cervicalis
Superior Root: Superior Omohyoid
Inferior Root: Sternohyoid, Sternothyroid, Infraomohyoid
(Motor)
Cervical Plexus: Transverse Cervical
C2 & C3
(Sensory)
Cervical Plexus: Phrenic Nerve
C3 - C5
(Motor)
Cervical Plexus: Subocciptal
C1
(Motor)
Cervical Plexus: C2
Transverse Cervical
Greater Occipital
Lesser Occipital
Great Auricular (C3 too)
(Sensory)
Cervical Plexus: C3
Great Auricular (C2 too)
Supra Clavicular (C4 too)
(Sensory)
Branchial (Pharyngeal) Arches: Mandibular (1)
Muscles and Nerve
Mastication: Mylohyoid, Anterior Belly Digastric
CN-V3, Trigeminal
Branchial (Pharyngeal) Arches: Hyoid (2)
Muscles and Nerve
Fascia Expression: Posterior Belly Digastric, Stylohyoid
CN-7, Facial
Branchial (Pharyngeal) Arches: Third
Muscles and Nerve
Stylopharyngeus
CN-9, Glossopharyngeal
Branchial (Pharyngeal) Arches: Fourth
Muscles and Nerve
Circothyroid, inf. Pharyngeal, constrictor
CN-10, Vagus, Superior Laryngeal
Branchial (Pharyngeal) Arches: Sixth
Muscles and Nerve
Intrinsic Laryngeal
CN-10, Vagus & Recurrent Laryngeal
Where does the vertebral artery run through?
Transverse foramina of the transverse process of the cervical spine.
Unique characteristic of the spinous process in cervical spine
C1 - doesn’t have
C2-C6 - bifid (two prong)
C7 - vertebra prominens
Dens of Axis - Describe
Located on C2 (Axis), sits above C1, wrapped by transverse ligament of atlas
Suprahyoid muscles of anterior neck
Anterior & Posterior Belly of Digastric Muscle
Geniohyoid
Mylohyoid
Stylohyoid
Infrahyoid Muscles of Anterior Neck
Omohyoid (Inferior and Superior)
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid
Subocciptal Muscles
Rectus Capitis Posterior Major
Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor
Obliques Capitis Inferior (Inferior Oblique)
Obliques Capitis Superior (Superior Oblique)
Muscles Innervated by:
C1 Via CN-12
Geniohyoid & Thyrohyoid
Sea-1…. G&T on a Boat
Muscles Innervated by:
CN-V3
Mylohyoid & Ant. Digastric
“MAD EnVE”
Muscles Innervated by:
Facial Nerve
Stylohyoid & Posterior Digastric
“Attach closest to face (behind ear)”
Muscles Innervated by: Ansa Cervicalis
Omohyoid, Sternohyoid, Sternothyroid
“Ansa is OSSum”
Bony Landmarks: Anterior Belly of Digastric Muscle
Digastric Fossa of Mandible
To
Intermediate Tendon (Greater Cornu of Hyoid Bone)
Bony Landmarks: Posterior Belly of Digastric
Temporal Mastoid Notch
To
Intermediate Tendon (Greater Cornu of Hyoid Bone)
Bony Landmarks: Geniohyoid
Inferior Genial Tubercle/Median Ridge of Mandible
To
Anterior Aspect of Body of Hyoid Bone
Bony Landmarks: Mylohyoid
Mylohyoid Line of Mandible
To
Anterior Aspect of Body of Hyoid Bone
Bony Landmarks: Stylohyoid
Styloid Process of Temporal Bone
To
Body of Hyoid Bone
Actions: Anterior Belly of Digastric Muscle
Depress Mandible
Or
Elevate Hyoid
Actions: Posterior Belly of Digastric
Depress Mandible
Or
Elevate Hyoid
Actions: Geniohyoid
Depress Mandible
Or
Elevate Hyoid & Tongue
Actions: Mylohyoid
Elevation of the Floor of the Oral Cavity
Actions: Stylohyoid
Elevation & Retraction of the Hyoid Bone
Innervation: Anterior Belly of Digastric Muscle
(Mandibular Arch)
CN-V3, Trigeminal Nerve
Inferior Alveolar Nerve
Mylohyoid Branch
Innervation: Posterior Belly of Digastric
(Hyoid Arch)
CN- 7, Fascia Nerve
Innervation: Geniohyoid
C1 via CN-12
Ventral Ramus
Innervation: Mylohyoid
(Mandibular Arch)
CN-V3, Trigeminal Nerve
Inferior Alveolar Nerve
Mylohyoid Branch
Innervation: Stylohyoid
(Hyoid Arch)
CN-7, Facial Nerve
Bony Attachments: Omohyoid
Superior Border of Scapula, Medial to Scapular Notch
To
Intermediate Tendon
To
Lateral Aspect of Hyoid Bone
Bony Attachments: Sternohyoid
Posterior side of Proximal Clavicle & Manubrium
To
Inferior Boarder of Body of Hyoid
Bony Attachments: Sternothyroid
Posterior aspect of Manubrium & Costal Cartilage of 1st Rib
To
Thyroid Lamina
Bony Attachments: Thyrohyoid
Thyroid Lamina
To
Greater Horn of the Hyoid Bone
Actions: Omohyoid
Depression of the Hyoid Bone
Actions: Sternohyoid
Depress Hyoid
Actions: Sternothyroid
Depresses the Elevated Larynx
Actions: Thyrohyoid
Depresses Hyoid
Or
Elevates Thyroid Cartilage
Innervation: Omohyoid
Ansa Cervicalis (C1 - Superior, C2&3- Inferior)
Innervation: Sternohyoid
Ansa Cervicalis (C1-C3)
Innervation: Sternothyroid
Ansa Cervicalis (C1-C3)
Innervation: Thyrohyoid
C1 via CN-12
(Ventral Ramus)
Bony Landmarks: Rectus Capitis Posterior Major
Spinous Process of C2
To
Lateral Aspect of Inferior Nuchal Line
Bony Landmarks: Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor
Tubercle on Posterior Arch of C1
To
Medial Aspect of Inferior Nuchal Line
Bony Landmarks: Inferior Oblique
Spinous Process C2
To
Transverse Process C1
Bony Landmarks: Superior Oblique
Transverse Process of C1
To
Area Between Superior and Inferior Nuchal Lines
Actions: Rectus Capitis Posterior Major
Extension and Ipsilateral Rotation of the Head
Actions: Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor
Extension of the Head
Actions: Inferior Oblique
Ipsilateral Rotation of the Neck
Actions: Superior Oblique
Extension & Lateral Flexion of the Head
Innervation: Rectus Capitis Posterior Major
Subocciptal Nerve
Innervation: Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor
Subocciptal Nerve
Innervation: Inferior Oblique
Subocciptal Nerve
Innervation: Superior Oblique
Subocciptal Nerve
Bony Attachments: Anterior Scalene
Anterior Tubercles of Middle Cervical Vertebrae
To
Scalene tubercle of 1st Rib
Action: Anterior Scalene
Elevation of 1st Rib during forced inspiration
Flexion, Lateral Flexion & Contralateral Rotation of the Neck
Innervation: Anterior Scalene
Lower Ventral Rami of Cervical Spinal Nerve
Bony Attachment: Sternocleidomastoid
Lateral Aspect of Mastoid Process & Superior Nuchal Line
To
Manubrium & Medial 1/3 of Clavicle
Action: Sternocleidomastoid
Flexion, Ipsilateral Lateral Flexion & Extension of Head & Neck
Contralateral Rotation of Head
Innervation: Sternocleidomastoid
CN-11, Accessory N (C1-2)