Heart Failure & Pulmonary Oedema

Question 1

What are the signs of inadequate perfusion and congestion?

Answer 1

Reduced consciousness 
Pallor
CRT > 2 secs
SBP less than 90
Weak radial pulse 

Pulmonary oedema (frothy sputum, pink or white)
Crepitations 
Peripheral oedema (pedal oedema)
Elevated JVP
S3 or S4 gallops

Question 2

What are the signs and symptoms of congestive heart failure?

Answer 2

Commonly:
Fatigue inc exercise intolerance
Dyspnoea
Congestion

Possibly:
Orthopnea 
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea 
Weight gain due to fluid retention 
Wheezing
Bronchospasm

Question 3

What is the treatment for congestive heart failure?

Answer 3

O2 if indicated.
GTN (check BP)
Position.