Airways

Question 1

How do we size an NPA?

Answer 1

From tip of nose to tragus.
6 average woman
7 average man

Question 2

How do we size an LMA?

Answer 2

4 small/normal adult

5 large/normal adult

Question 3

How do we size an OPA?

Answer 3

From incisors to angle of jaw.

2 small adult
3 normal adult
4 large adult

Question 4

How do we size an ET tube?

Answer 4

7 adolescent
8 female adult
9 male adult

Question 5

What is the Sellick manoeuvre?

Answer 5

It is the application of cricoid pressure (9lbs) to help prevent regurgitation. It is not for the prevention of vomiting - pt should be allowed to vomit.

Question 6

What is the BURP manoeuvre?

Answer 6

Backwards, upwards, right cricoid pressure to aid visualisation of the vocal cords?

Question 7

What are the standard ETCO2 values.

Answer 7

Normal 4.3 - 5.5 kPa

HQ CPR 2.0 - 2.5 kPa

Question 8

What is the most serious complication of attempted tracheal intubation?

Answer 8

Unrecognised oesophageal intubation.

Question 9

How can we ensure correct placement of the ET tube?

Answer 9

Visualising the placement
Observing bilateral chest rise
Auscultating for bilateral inflation on lung fields and Auscultating epigastrium.
Capnography

Question 10

During CPR, is carbon dioxide always detectable using Capnography and a correctly placed ET tube?

Answer 10

Prolonged cardiac arrest (>30 mins) might result in insufficient pulmonary blood flow to produce detectable carbon dioxide.