Heart Failure (HF-rEF)

Question 1

a type of heart failure that occurs when the left
ventricle, the heart’s main pumping chamber, is weakened and cannot pump blood out to the body as efficiently
as it should.

Answer 1

Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF

Question 2

s a measurement of how much blood the left ventricle pumps out with
each contraction. In _________, the EF is less than or equal to 40%.

Answer 2

ejection fraction (EF)

Question 3

is weakened and cannot pump out blood
as effectively as it should. The EF is less than or equal to 40%.

Answer 3

Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)

Question 4

the heart muscle is stiff or thickened, which prevents it from filling properly with blood
between beats. This ultimately reduces the heart’s ability to pump blood effectively.

Answer 4

Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF

Question 5

newer category encompassing
patients with EF between 41% and 49% (or 40% to 49% depending on guidelines). They fall in an
intermediate zone between HFrEF and HFpEF and may have characteristics of both

Answer 5

Heart Failure with Mid-range Ejection Fraction (HFmrEF):

Question 6

General Symptoms:

Answer 6

Fatigue and Weakness
Dyspnea

Question 7

Fluid Buildup Symptoms:

Answer 7

Swelling in the ankles, feet, and legs (edema):
Rapid weight gain
Frequent urination at night

Question 8

Nursing mgtr

Answer 8

Relieving Fluid Overload Symptoms:

Improving Myocardial Function and Perfusion:

Question 9

Medication management: Nurses administer medications like (AABM)

Answer 9

ACE inhibitors, ARBs, beta-blockers, and
mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, which help improve heart function and blood flow

Question 10

Guideline-Directed Medical Therapy (GDMT): The four pillars of GDMT include:

ABMS

Answer 10

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors)

Beta-blockers:

Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i)

Question 11

These medications relax blood vessels, lowering blood pressure and reducing workload on the heart.

Answer 11

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) or Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs):

Question 12

These medications slow the heart rate and decrease the heart’s workload, improving
efficiency

Answer 12

Beta-blockers:

Question 13

These medications help the kidneys retain potassium
while eliminating sodium and excess fluid buildup

Answer 13

Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs)

Question 14

This newer class of medication helps remove
excess sugar and fluid in the urine, offering additional benefits for some HFrEF patients.

Answer 14

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i):

Question 15

This medication specifically targets the heart rate, slowing it down to improve efficiency in
some patients.

Answer 15

Ivabradine

Question 16

can worsen heart failure symptoms. Doctors may recommend iron
supplements if needed.

Answer 16

Iron def

Question 17

This therapy coordinates the contraction of the heart
chambers for better pumping efficiency, potentially benefiting some HFrEF patients.

Answer 17

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT):

Question 18

These mechanical pumps can assist the heart in severe HFrEF cases
while awaiting a heart transplant or as destination therapy

Answer 18

Ventricular assist devices (VADs):