FINALS: PRACTICAL EXAM Flashcards
IV: Pink
D5LR
IV: ORANGE
D5NM
IV: D5NSS
YELLOW
IV: LIGHT GREEN
D5NR
IV: RED
D5 WATERQ
IV: VIOLET
D5IMB
IV: LIGHT BLUE
D5 O.3 NaCl
DARK GREEN
PNSS
IV: BLUE
P LR
IV GAUGE: ORANGE
14; Used in life threatening trauma for rapid resuscitation
IV GAUGE: Gray
16G Trauma, Surgery, rapid fluid resuscitation (bolus)
IV GAUGE: green
18G Administering blood, rapid infusions, CT scans with IV Dye
IV GAUGE: Pink
20G Medications, routing therapies, IV fluids
IV GAUGE: Blue
22G IV fluids, Meds
IV GAUGE: Yellow
24G Pedia, Elderly w/ fragile or small vein
Hypotonic IVs (DIG)
DKA, Increase Total Fluid, Gastric Fluid loss
Isotonic IVs (BAD)
Burns, Blood Loss
Anaphylaxis/Sepsis
Dehydration
Hypertonic (SOCK)
Severe Hyponatremia
Overload of Fluid
Cerebral Edema
Ketosis
5 MOMENTS OF HAND HYGIENE (2B3A)
Before touching a patient
Before clean/aseptic procedure
After body fluid exposure risk
After touching a patient
After touching patient surroundings
Contact Precautions (MCSM)
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections
Clostridium difficile (C. diff) infection
Scabies
Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs)
Droplet Precautions (mm?)
> 5mm
Speaking, coughing, sneezing
Within 3 feet/1 meter
Droplet Precautions (IPMRM)
Influenza (flu)
Pertussis (whooping cough)
Meningococcal disease
Rubella (German measles) (?)
Mumps
Airborne Precautions
(TMCSC)
Tuberculosis (TB) (?)
Measles
Chickenpox (varicella)
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 (?)
Antidotes: Acetaminophen
n-Acetylcysteine
Antidotes: Alcohol withdrawal
Librium
Antidote: Anticholinergics
Physostigmine
Antidote: Aspirin
Sodium bicarbonate
Benzodiazepines
Flumazenil
Antidote: Beta Blockers
Glucagon
Antidote: Carbon monoxide
Oxygen
Cyanide
Hydroxocobalamin
Andtidote: Digoxin
Digibind
Antidote: Heparin
Protamine sulfate
Antidote: Insulin
Glucose
Antidote: Iron & Isoniazid
Deferoxmine
Antidote: MGSO4
Calcium Gluconate
Antidote: Methanol
Ethanol
Antidote: Methotrexate
Leucovorin
Antidote: Opiates
Narcan
Antidote: Warfarin
Vitamin K
induces a state of unconsciousness
patient completely unaware and unresponsive to pain during surgery or medical procedures
General Anesthesia
used to numb a small, specific area of the body, such as a tooth or a small patch of skin, to block the sensation of pain
Local Anesthesia
numbs a larger part of the body, such as an entire limb or a section of the body
Regional Anesthesia
Classification and Indication: Adenosine
class V antiarrhythmic agent
Classification and Indication: Amiodarone
prevents and treats a fast or irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia).
Anti-tetanus serum
prophylaxis and treatment of Tetanus
Aspirin
mild to moderate pain
Atropine
hypersalivation, bronchial secretions, or bradycardia
Calcium gluconate
hypocalcemia, cardiac arrest, and cardiotoxicity due to hyperkalemia or hypermagnesemia
Clopidogrel
preventing platelets (a type of blood cell) from collecting and forming clots that may cause a heart attack or stroke
D5W
fluid and nutrient replenisher
Diazepam
calming abnormal overactivity in the brain
Digoxin
control the rate and rhythm of the heartbeat
Diphenhydramine
allergic symptoms
Dobutamine
hypotension
Epinephrine
relaxing the muscles in the airways and tightening the blood vessels
Furosemide
fluid retention (edema) and swelling
Haloperidol
decreasing abnormal excitement in the brain
Hydrocortisone
low levels of corticosteroids by replacing steroids that are normally produced naturally by the body;
Lidocaine
acute ventricular tachydysrhythmias
Magnesium sulfate
Constipation.
Hypomagnesemia.
Prevention of seizures in eclampsia/preeclampsia.
Mannitol
reduction of intracranial pressure and brain mass;
Methylprednisolone
decreasing inflammation and changing your body’s immune response
Metoclopramide
nausea and vomiting;
Morphine sulfate
changing the way the brain and nervous system respond to pain
Nitroglycerin
relaxing the blood vessels so the heart does not need to work as hard and therefore does not need as much oxygen
Noradrenaline
control of blood pressure during various hypotensive states and as an adjunct treatment during cardiac arrest
Omeprazole
decreasing the amount of acid produced by the stomach
Phenobarbital
anti-seizure management, treatment for status epilepticus, insomnia, as well as benzodiazepine and alcohol withdrawal treatment
Phenytoin
prophylaxis and control of various types of seizures
Potassium Chloride
hypokalemia
Salbutamol
relax muscles of the airways, causing widening of the airways and resulting in easier breathing
Sodium Bicarbonate
to relieve heartburn, sour stomach, or acid indigestion by neutralizing excess stomach acid
Verapamil
relaxing the blood vessels so the heart does not have to pump as hard;
2nd shock 2nd cpr
epi 1mg 4mins
3rd shock after amiodarone 300mg
Lidocaine 1mg
4th shock 4th cpr
Epi
HOB 60-90° with the patient sitting up in bed
During episodes of respiratory distress, when inserting a nasogastric tube, during oral intake with feeding precautions
High-Fowlers
HOB 45-60° with the patient sitting up in bed. Patient lying on their back in bed, with HOB reclined
Facilitates chest expansion so it is helpful with patients who are having difficulty breathing, during tube feeding admininstation because it facilitates peristalsis while minimizing aspiration risk, simply a comfortable position, also used in the postpartum period to facilitate excretion of lochia
Fowler’s
Semi Fowler’s
HOB 15-30° with patient lying on their back
HOB flat, patient on back
Supine
Prone
HOB flat, patient on stomach with head to one side q
Flat on back, feet raised higher than head by 15-30°
Trendelenberg
Flat on back, head raised higher than feet by 15-30°
Reverse Trendelenberg
Flat on back, knees bent, rotated outwards, feet flat on the bed (head/shoulders typically on a pillow)
Dorsal recumbent
On side, top knee and arm flexed and supported by pillows
Lateral
Halfway between lateral and prone
Sim’s
Sitting at the side of the bed, leaning over a table
Orthopneic
Facilitates respiratory expansion, makes it easier to breath in patients with respiratory difficulty and used during a thoracentesis
Orthopneic
Occasionally used with unconscious patients as it facilitates drainage of oral secretions, pregnancy, during enemas, for patients who are paralyzed as it takes the pressure off of the hip and sacrum
Sim’s
Relieves pressure on sacrum, great for patients who are immobile as it is typically quite comfortable and provides good spine alignment, supporting and off-loading common pressure points
Lateral
Dorsal recumbent
During or after various surgeries, for comfort q
For some surgeries or procedures, pre-surgery intervention for some vascular surgeries, may be used to facilitate respirations in patients who need to lay flat post-procedure, reduces GERD symptoms
Reverse Trendelenberg
Not used frequently; use as a therapeutic measure in advanced ARDS, during and after some surgeries
Prone
Post procedures to maintain hemostatis at insertion site, frequent position for many surgeries
Supine
Necessary in some neurological and cardiac conditions, after procedures or surgeries to facilitate hemostatis at the insertion site (like a cardiac cath with a femoral approach) or drainage from various drains
Semi Fowler’s
Facilitates chest expansion so it is helpful with patients who are having difficulty breathing, during tube feeding admininstation because it facilitates peristalsis while minimizing aspiration risk, simply a comfortable position, also used in the postpartum period to facilitate excretion of lochia
Fowler’s
During episodes of respiratory distress, when inserting a nasogastric tube, during oral intake with feeding precautions
High-Fowlers
Pediatric Length Catheters
smallest pediatric catheter French sizes (5 or 6 French)
Children and adolescents typically use pediatric catheters between 8 to 12 French.
SUCTION size formula
50% of the endotracheal tube area or 50% of the endotracheal tube volume is equivalent to < 70% of the endotracheal tube diameter
