Heart failure Flashcards
1
Q
definition
A
state at which the heart is unable to pump blood to meet requirements of tissues
2
Q
main causes
A
IHD
hypertension
cardiomyopathy
3
Q
symptoms
A
exertional dyspnoea, orthopnoea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea, fatigue
4
Q
signs
A
cardiomegaly 3rd and 4th heart sounds JVP elevated crepitations in lungs murmur pitting oedema
5
Q
diagnosis
A
clinical- determine the type
blood test- BNP, FBC
BNP then do echocardiogram
ECG- gold standard
6
Q
management
A
Exercise therapy
lifestyle changes
drugs: ACEi, BB, spironolactone, vasodilators, ivabradine
digoxin and frusemide for symptoms
7
Q
types of heart failure
A
systolic failure diastolic failure LVF RVF acute heart failure low-output heart failure high-output heart failure
8
Q
HFrEF
A
the LV is unable to eject an adequate amount of blood during systole
9
Q
HFpEF
A
less blood is able to fill the LV in diastole, due to myocardial stiffness > LV has less blood to effect
