Heart Failure Flashcards
What is the most common cause of HF?
CAD
What are the two types of HF?
LVSD or HFPEF
What are some causes of HF?
CAD, hypertension, cardiomyopathy, valvular disease
What can aggravate HF?
Arrhythmias, hypertension, anaemia, infection
How does HF present?
Shortness of breath, fatigue, ankle oedema
What are some ECG signs you might see in HF?
Inferior W waves, anterior T wave and ectopics, left BBB
What might you see in a CXR with HF?
Enlarged heart, pulmonary congestion
What would you see on an echo in HF?
Global LV dysfunction if cardiomyopathy. Regional LV dysfunction if CAD. LV dilation, little mvt in septum
What is BNP?
Brain natriuretic peptide. Secreted by myocardial cells in response to raised LA pressure.
What does BNP do?
Promotes natriuresis and vasodilation. Inhibits ADH and aldosterone.
What levels of BNP indicate HD as a likely cause of dyspnoea and fluid retention?
Over 100pg/ml
How would you treat both systolic and diastolic HF?
Treat aggravating factors. Diuretics.
What are indications for a heart transplant?
Resistant CHF with no major organ failure, comorbidity, psych disability
How do you treat systolic HF?
BBs, ACEs, ARBs, spironolactone
What is diastolic HF?
Impaired LV filling due to chamber stiffness or pericardial constriction.
