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CR > ECG > Flashcards

ECG Flashcards

1
Q

What should the time of the QRS complex be?

A

Less than 0.12s

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2
Q

What should the QT duration be? (Men and women)

A

Less than 0.45s for men and 0.47s for women

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3
Q

6 step ECG protocol?

A

Heart rate, heart rhythm, P wave?, PR interval, QRS complex, ST segment

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4
Q

What do variable RR intervals usually indicate?

A

Heart block

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5
Q

What should the duration of the P wave be?

A

Not more than 80ms

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6
Q

What is the range for the PR interval?

A

120-200ms

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7
Q

What conditions can PR prolongation be associated with?

A

Hypokalaemia, carditis, acute rheumatic fever

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8
Q

What could a long QRS complex indicate?

A

Slow ventricular depolarisation or part of the muscle not contracting normally

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9
Q

What does a long QTc indicate?

A

Risk of ventricular arrhythmias

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10
Q

What could an inverted T wave be a sign of?

A

Normal in children. CAD or PE in adults

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11
Q

What is ventricular tachycardia?

A

Ventricles taken over as pacemaker. Leads to poor cardiac output-> cardiac arrest risk

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12
Q

What is VF?

A

Irregular rhythm, no recognisable QRS. Can occur during or after MI, little or no cardiac output. Defibrillation required

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13
Q

What is first degree heart block?

A

Fixed constant PR over 200ms. Rarely causes problems on its own

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14
Q

What type 1 second degree heart block?

A

Wenkenback. PR gets progressively longer then resets. AV node problem.

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15
Q

What is type 2 second degree heart block?

A

P wave regular but AV nose randomly fails to respond- ventricular rate irregularly irregular.

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16
Q

What is third degree heart block?

A

No conduction between AV node and ventricles. P waves present but unsynchronised. Ventricular escape beats slow- bradycardia

17
Q

What is AF?

A

Irregular contractions from ectopic pacemakers in atria. No P wave.

18
Q

What are some symptoms associated with AF?

A

Sometimes none. Palpitations, fainting, chest pain, CHF. Exacerbated by exercise. Tachycardia

19
Q

What is atrial flutter?

A

High but regular rhythm- around 300bpm. Circus excitation

20
Q

What is junctional rhythm and what are the ECG signs?

A

Damage to SA node or block leads AV to take over. Absent P wave, bradycardia

21
Q

What is supraventricular tachycardia?

A

Junctional rhythm but AV has hf circus excitation or ectopic- main symptom palpitations. Regular rhythm.

22
Q

What is AVNRT?

A

AV node reentrant tachycardia. Type of SVT

23
Q

What is bundle branch block?

A

Abnormal conduction through bundle branches. Prolonged QRS. Notch or double R wave.

24
Q

What can ST depression indicate?

A

Coronary ischaemia or hypokalaemia.

25
Q

What does ST elevation indicate?

A

MI often in LAD. In two or more adjacent leads.

CR (24 decks)

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