Applied Anatomy

Question 1

What are the surface anatomy markers of the boundaries of the heart?

Answer 1

UR: 3rd costal cartilage. UL: 2nd costal cartilage. LR: 6th costal cartilage. LL: 5th intercostal space in midclavicular line.

Question 2

What are the most common places for stenosis in an MI?

Answer 2

LAD, RCA, circumflex

Question 3

Where are the valves?

Answer 3

Mitral: 5th intercostal space midclavicular line. Tricuspid: left 6th intercostal space. Aortic and pulmonary: 2nd intercostal space either side.

Question 4

What is the lub sound?

Answer 4

Mitral and tricuspid close

Question 5

What is the dub sound?

Answer 5

Aortic and pulmonary valves close.

Question 6

What are the causes of a systolic murmur?

Answer 6

Mitral regurgitation- most common. Also aortic stenosis.

Question 7

What are the causes of a diastolic murmur?

Answer 7

Mitral stenosis- barely noticeable. Aortic regurgitation- usually rheumatic fever