Heart Failure Flashcards
clinical manifestations associated with left ventricular systolic dysfunction - forward
- fatigue
- oliguria
- increased heart rate
- faint pulses
- restlessness
- confusion
- anxiety
clinical manifestations associated with left ventricular systolic dysfunction - backward
- dyspnea on exertion
- orthopnea
- cough
- postural nocturnal
- cyanosis
- basilar crackles
clinical manifestations associated with right ventricular systolic dysfunction - forward
- fatigue
- oliguria
- increased heart rate
- faint pulses
- restlessness
- confusion
- anxiety
clinical manifestations associated with right ventricular systolic dysfunction - backward
- hepatomegaly
- ascites
- splenomegaly
- anorexia
- subcutaneous (peripheral) edema
- jugular venous distention
factors decreasing preload
- hypovolemia
- excessive vasodilation
- increased intrathoracic pressure
- cardiac tamponade
- RV infarction, failure
- tachyarrhythmias
- loss of atrial “kick”
factors increasing preload
- heart failure
- hypervolemia
- bradydysrhythmias
factors decreasing afterload
- hypotension
- vasodilation
- drug effects
factors increasing afterload
- vasoconstriction from SNS stimulation
- hypertension
- pulmonary hypertension
- hypercoagulability
- aortic valve stenosis
factors decreasing contractibility
- myocardial ischemia or infarction
- cardiomyopathy
- hypoxemia
- acidosis
- drug effects
factors increasing contractibility
- SNS stimulation
- sympathomimetic drugs
blood colloid osmotic pressure
- albumin trying to keep blood in capillaries
- works against interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure
interstitial fluid osmotic pressure
- tends to move fluid out of the capillaries via large plasma proteins (albumin)
- works in opposition to the blood hydrostatic pressure
blood hydrostatic pressure
attempts to force fluid outward through the capillary
interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure
attempts to force fluid from the interstitial space into the capillaries
lymphatic obstructive
produces lymphedema
