Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardiovascular > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Shock

A

Lack of perfusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pump problem

A

cariogenic shock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cardiogenic shock - History Findings

A
  • massive MI
  • dilated cardiomyopathies
  • tamponade
  • myocarditis
  • CHF
  • Toxin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cardiogenic shock - physical exam

A

pulmonary edema = wet lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cardiogenic shock - treatment

A

ICU and cardiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Plumping - pipe problems

A

Distributive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Types of distributive

A

septic, neurogenic, anaphylaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Septic - history

A

fever, infection, gram-negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Septic - physical findings

A

bounding pulses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Septic - later stages

A

urine output goes down, pulse quickly goes to crap, body shutting down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Septic - treatment

A

treat the infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Neurogenic

A
  • head or cervical or spine injury
  • lose of SNS tone to everything below the level of the injury
  • poor profusion below injury
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Neurogenic - physical findings

A

bradycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Neurogenic - treatment

A

neurosurgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Anaphylaxis - history

A

bee sting, food, penicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Anaphylaxis

A
  • IgE cause of initial part of reaction
  • airway starting to close down
  • kill people is the cardiovascular collapse
  • airway is second most common cause of death
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Anaphylaxis - physical findings

A

from anaptyctic shock blood pressure is going to crap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Anaphylaxis - treatment

A
  • epinephrine causes vasodilation
  • Benadryl and xanax
  • steroids = longer benefit
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Fluid problems = not enough

A

Hypovolemic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Hypovolemic - history

A
  • trauma
  • dehydration
  • burns
  • sweating
  • urinating a lot
  • vomiting
  • diarrhea
  • bleeding
  • third space in fluids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Hypovolemic - physical findings

A
  • dry lungs

- respiratory rate and heart rate are elevated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Aortic stenosis - common causes

A 
senile degeneration and calcification 
-calcified after age 65
congenitally bicuspid aortic valve
-calcified around age 30
rheumatic fever 
-commissure calcify in 3rd or 4th decade
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Aortic Stenosis

A
  • systolic ejection murmur - throughout

- NARROW pulse pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Aortic insufficiency (regurgitation) - common cause - infection

A

bacterial endocarditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Aortic insufficiency (regurgitation) - common cause - congenital

A

bicuspid AoV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Aortic insufficiency (regurgitation) - common cause - increased afterload

A

systemic hypertension (poorly controlled)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Aortic insufficiency (regurgitation)

A
  • soft high pitched diastolic murmur
  • widened pulse pressure
  • no beta blockers = increased diastolic time and preload
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Mitral stenosis - common cause

A

-rheumatic valve disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Mitral stenosis

A
  • opening snap

- low-pitched rumbling diastolic murmur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Mitral stenosis - ECG changes

A
  • left atrial enlargement

- right ventricular hypertrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Mitral regurgitation - common cause

A
  • myxomatous changes (MVP)

- rheumatic heart disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Mitral regurgitation

A
  • mid-systolic click

- pansystolic blowing/harsh murmur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Mitral valve prolapse - common cause

A
  • idiopathic
  • Marfan’s
  • Ehler’s Danlos
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Friction rub, global ST elevation, flu before, chest pain worse with deep breath, chest pain better while leading forward

A

pericarditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Muffled heart beat

A

pericardial effusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Muffles heart beat, JVD, hypotension

A

cardiac tamponade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Fixed split A2

A

ASD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

opening snap

A

mitral stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Mid-systolic click

A

mitral prolapse with mitral regurgitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Valve is supposed to be open

A

stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Valve is supposed to be close

A

regurgitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

ASD

A
  • fixed S2

- patent foamed ovale (PFO)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

VSD - most common

A

perimembranous - acyanotic congenital heart defect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

VSD - auscultation

A

left lower sternal border

-increase during expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

AV Canal Defect

A

40% occurrence in Down syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

PDA - auscultation

A

continuous machinery-like murmur best at LUSB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

PDA - treatment

A

indomethacin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Treatment of valvular issues

A

surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

diagnosis of valvular issues

A

echo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Complications

A

mitral valve prolapse and bunch of PVCs

-beta-blocker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Pulmonary vascular resistance - fetal to neonatal

A

goes down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Ductus arteriosus

A

closes to ligament arteriosus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Foramen ovale

A

closes to fossa ovale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Terta fallot

A
  • most common cyanotic congenital heart defect
  • PROM
  • Squatting = increase systemic vascular resistance
  • boot-shaped heart
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

PROM

A

pulmonic stenosis
right ventricular hypertrophy
overriding aorta
massive/malalinged VSD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Transposition

A
  • parallel circuit

- have to have ASD, PAD, or VSD to sustain life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Keep PAD open

A

prostaglandins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Close PAD

A

indomethacin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Still Murmur

A

most common innocent murmur in early childhood

60
Q

Still Murmur - loudest

A

between the apex and LLSB with patient supine

61
Q

Pulmonary Ejection Murmur

A

most common innocent murmur in older children and adults

62
Q

Pulmonary Ejection Murmur -auscultated

A

LUSB

-soft systolic ejection murmur with I-II/VI intensity

63
Q

Chest pain - most common cause

A

musculoskeletal

64
Q

Syncope - most common cause

A

vasovagal syncope

65
Q

Red flags they have this than oh crap

A

syncope during exercise

66
Q

Kawasaki disease

A
  • most common types of vasculitis in pediatric population

- multisystem inflammatory condition of medium-sized blood vessels

67
Q

Kawasaki disease - Crash and burn

A 
Conjunctivitis
Rash
Adenopathy 
Strawberry tongue
Hand (swelling or erythema)
Burn (5 days of fever)
68
Q

Kawasaki disease - Coronary aneurysms

A
  • affects 30 to 50% of patients

- usually 10 days after onset of fever

69
Q

Kawasaki disease - treatment

A

aspirin and immunoglobins

70
Q

Acute Rheumatic fever - bug

A

immunologic reaction (delayed) to infection with group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) pharyngitis

71
Q

Acute Rheumatic fever - major criteria

A 
Polyarthritis*
Carditis
Chorea
Subcutaneous nodules
Erythema marginatum
72
Q

First-degree AV block

A
  • constant prolonged PRI

- QRS follow every P wave

73
Q

Second Degree AV Block Type I

AKA: Wenckebach

A

progressive prolonged PRI

-dropped QRS

74
Q

Second Degree AV Block Type II

AKA: Classic

A

constant/prolonged PRI

-dropped QRS

75
Q

Third Degree AV Block

A
  • P waves not related QRS
  • All P waves not followed by QRS = decrease CO
  • dropped QRS
76
Q

Unifocal

A

each PVC has the same morphology due to one ectopic site

77
Q

Multifocal

A

more than one PVC appearance due to multiple ectopic sites within the ventricles

78
Q

Bigeminy

A

Pattern of one PVC followed by a normal intrinsic beat

79
Q

Trigeminy

A

pattern of one PVC followed by two normal intrinsic beats

80
Q

Couplets

A

Two PVC’s occurring in sequence

81
Q

Triplets

A

Three PVC’s occurring in sequence

82
Q

Idioventricular Rhythm

A
  • no p waves

- 20 to 40 rate

83
Q

Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm

A
  • no p waves

- 40 to 100

84
Q

Monomorphic Ventricular Tachycardia

A
  • rate >150
  • no p waves
  • wide QRS
85
Q

Polymorphic ventricular tacycardia

A

torsades de pointes

86
Q

Ventricular Fibrillation

A
  • no rate

- chaotic rhythm

87
Q

Pulseless Electrical Activity (PEA)

A

activity on ECG monitor but no palpable pulse

88
Q

Inferior wall MI - treatment

A

right sided EKG

-no nitro

89
Q

Right Atrial Enlargement

A
  • tall peaked P wave in inferior leads (especially in lead II)
  • P wave amplitude greater than 2.5 mm in inferior leads
  • Tall initial upstroke of the P wave in V1 and a terminal negative deflection
90
Q

Left Atrial Enlargement

A
  • notched or “m” shaped P wave in lead II

- small initial upstroke of P wave in V1 with deep terminal negative deflection

91
Q

Right Ventricular Hypertrophy

A
  • right axis deviation (aVF up, Lead I down)

- R>S in lead V1

92
Q

Left Ventricular Hypertrophy

A

-S in V1 or V2 and R in V5 or V6 >35

93
Q

LBBB

A

down in V1

94
Q

RBBB

A

up in V1

95
Q

WPW

A

delta wave: slurring of the initial portion of QRS complex

96
Q

Pericarditis

A

global ST elevation

97
Q

Pericardial effusion

A

small then big then small

98
Q

Anterior Wall

A
  • V3 and V4

- left anterior descending

99
Q

Septal Wall

A
  • V1 and V2

- septal branches off LAD

100
Q

Lateral Wall

A
  • Leads 1, aVL, V5, V6

- Left circumflex artery

101
Q

Inferior Wall

A
  • Lead II, III, aVF

- right coronary artery

102
Q

Posterior Wall

A

V1 and V2 put your posterior in it

103
Q

Complications with Inferior MI

A

papillary muscle rupture

104
Q

Complications with MI

A
  • ventricular aneurysm
  • free wall rupture
  • ventricular arrhythmias
  • AV blocks
105
Q

Cardiac arrest most common

A

V fib

106
Q

PEA common case

A

hypoxia

hypovolemia

107
Q

Asystole - causes that you will survive

A
  • hypothermic
  • drug overdose
  • struck by lightening
108
Q

Asystole - causes that you will die from

A
  • trauma and related complications
  • Massive MI
  • Massive PE
109
Q

Venous insufficiency

A
  • severe manifestation of venous hypertension
  • commonly follows history of DVT
  • history of leg trauma or surgery
110
Q

Venous insufficiency - physical findings

A
  • swelling of legs
  • brownish or reddish hyperpigmentation of skin
  • dry flakiness
  • cool and clammy
  • pitting edema
111
Q

Venous insufficiency - treatment

A
  • elevate legs
  • sodium restriction
  • compression stockings
112
Q

Arterial insufficiency - physical findings

A
  • poor pulses
  • lack of hair
  • shinning skin
113
Q

Arterial insufficiency - treatment

A
  • quit smoking
  • Stain drug
  • Aspirin
114
Q

Six Ps for acute arterial occlusion

A 
Pain 
Pallor
Polar (cold)
Paralysis
Paresthesia
Pulselessness
Purple toes
115
Q

Aortic Dissection

A
  • tearing sensation
  • tear in the intimal lining of the aorta at a weakened point
  • splitting of the layers of the vessel wall
  • diaphoresis
  • most are hypertension
  • BP or pulse asymmetry between limbs
116
Q

Aortic Dissection - CXR

A

widening of mediastinum

117
Q

Aortic Dissection - Medical Mangement

A
  • beta-blockers

- sodium nitroprusside

118
Q

Aneurysms - most common site for AAA

A

intarenal-superilliac

men > women

119
Q

Aortic Aneurysm - saccular

A

bulging out of one specificities are of vessel

120
Q

Aortic Aneurysm - fusiform

A

circumferential dilation of all layers of a segment of the aorta

121
Q

Aortic Aneurysm - false/pseudoaneurysm

A

only involves one or two of the layers of the arterial wall

122
Q

Aortic Aneurysm

A
  • usually asymptomatic
  • incidental finding on abdominal examination, AXR< or ultrasound
  • sense of “fullness”
123
Q

AAA

A
  • hypertesion

- rupture

124
Q

AAA Triad

A
  • abdominal pain
  • hypotension
  • palpable pulsatile abdominal mass
125
Q

AAA - test of choice

A

ultrasound

126
Q

AAA - gold standard

A

open repair

127
Q

Varicose Veins

A

dilation and tortuosity of superficial veins

128
Q

Varicose Veins - risk factors

A
  • prolonged standing
  • heavy lifting
  • pregnancy
  • obesity
129
Q

Varicose Veins - presentation

A

dull, aching heaviness in the lower extremities or increase east of fatiguability associated with prolonged standing

130
Q

Pericarditis - common cause

A
  • viral
  • tumor
  • uremia
  • after MI
131
Q

Pericarditis - symptoms

A
  • lean back = worse

- lean forward = better

132
Q

Pericarditis - Labs

A

ESR

133
Q

Pericarditis - Treatment

A
  • anti-inflammatory

- indomethacin

134
Q

Pericarditis - EKG

A

global ST elevation

135
Q

Endocarditis

A

mitral than aortic valve

136
Q

Endocarditis - IV user

A

tricuspid valve

137
Q

Mechanical or damage valve - bug

A

strep virdans

138
Q

IVD user - bug

A

Staph aureus

139
Q

Duke Criteria - major

A
  • two sets of blood cultures

- new or chaining murmur

140
Q

Endocarditis - see vegetation

A

on transesophageal

141
Q

Treatment - IV

A

-cillin

142
Q

Treatment - Mechanical or damaged valve

A

ceftriaxone with gentamycin

143
Q

Treatment - MRS

A

vancomycin with gentamycin

144
Q

Endocarditis - Physical Findings

A
  • janeway lesions
  • osler nodes
  • splinter hemorrhages
  • roth spots
145
Q

Cardiac Tamponade - Beck’s Triad

A
  • hypotension
  • JVD
  • muffled heart sounds
146
Q

Cardiac Tamponade - treatment

A

pericardiocentesis

147
Q

Cardiac Tamponade

A

Gout

Cardiovascular (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions