A & P Flashcards
1
Q
V1 and V2
A
- septal leads
- septal perforators off of LAD
2
Q
V3 and V4
A
- anterior lead
- LAD
3
Q
L1 and V5 and V6 and aVL
A
- lateral wall leads
- left circumflex artery
4
Q
L2 and L3 and aVF
A
- inferior leads
- right coronary artery
5
Q
First branch off off right coronary artery
A
conus
6
Q
Afterload
A
resistance to ejection of blood from ventricles
7
Q
Afterload - Increased in
A
- vasoconstriction as from sympathetic nervous system stimulation or vasopressors
- hypertension
- aortic valve disease
- hypercoagulability
- pulmonary hypertension
8
Q
Afterload - Deceased in
A
- hypotension
- vasodilation
- vasodilators
9
Q
Preload
A
end-diastolic; “filling pressure”
10
Q
Preload - Increased in
A
- heart failure
- hypervolemia
- bradydysrhythmias
11
Q
Preload - Decreased in
A
- hypovolemia
- excessive vasodilation
- increased intrathoracic pressure
- cardiac tamponade
- right ventricular failure or infarction
- tachydysrhythmias
- loss of atrial contraction
12
Q
Cardiac Output
A
- the amount of blood pumped by the heart in liters per minute
- calculated as heart rate x stroke volume
- normal range is 4.0 to 6.0 liters per minute
13
Q
Rapid diastolic filling
A
passive filling
14
Q
Reduced diastolic filling
A
“diastasic”
-coronary blood flow is optimal
15
Q
Atrial contraction
A
- this subphase is also referred to as “atrial kick” or “atrial systole”
- contributes to 15 to 30% of diastolic filling volume
