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cardiovascular > Exam 2.1 > Flashcards

Exam 2.1 Flashcards

1
Q

Arterial insufficiency

A
  • not enough blood flow to the area
  • atrophy
  • hair not growing
  • shinning skin
  • poor pulses
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2
Q

Venous insufficiency

A
  • got the blood but can’t get it out
  • swollen legs
  • vercosites
  • brownish skin
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3
Q

When in doubt the answer is

A

quit smoking

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4
Q

P with aortic occlusion

A
  • pain
  • polar
  • pallor
  • pulselessness
  • paralysis
  • paresthesia
  • purple toes
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5
Q

Venous insufficiency treatment

A
  • compression stockings
  • stop smoking
  • don’t eat salt
  • elevate legs
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6
Q

Loop diuretics before and after starting

A
  • BMP, electrolytes, glucose, kidney function
  • add potassium supplement
  • unless potassium is high via labs
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7
Q

DeBakey - Type 1

A

dissection starts in the ascending aorta and travels over the arch and descending aorta

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8
Q

DeBakey - Type 2

A

confined to the ascending aorta

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9
Q

DeBakey - Type 3

A

starts in the descending aorta

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10
Q

Stanford

A

solely based on initial dissection

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11
Q

Type A

A

surgical management

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12
Q

Type B

A

medical management

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13
Q

Swollen Legs

A

venous insufficiency

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14
Q

Murmur and pulse at the same time

A

systolic

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15
Q

Stenosis

A

not opening enough

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16
Q

Aortic Stenosis treatment

A

surgery

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17
Q

How do you tell if the valve is bad

A

Echo

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18
Q

Causes of aortic stenosis

A
  • congenital
  • senile degeneration and calcification
  • rheumatic fever
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19
Q

Rheumatic

A

mitral valve stenosis

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20
Q

Aortic insufficiency (regurgitation)

A 
Syphilis 
Congenital
Rheumatic
Endocarditis
Aortic dilation
Marfan's
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21
Q

Bugs with IV use

A

staph arues

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22
Q

Drugs for IV use

A

-cillin

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23
Q

Valve with IV use

A

tricuspid

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24
Q

Gallop

A

S1, S2, and something else

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25
Q

S3

A
  • ventricular gallop
  • HF
  • dilated cardiomyopathy
  • young person
  • athletes
  • pregnancy
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26
Q

S1

A

AV valves close

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27
Q

S4

A

related to some pathology

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28
Q

Fixed split S2

A

ASD

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29
Q

if potassium is low than

A

digoxin goes crazy

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30
Q

Too much warfarin

A

Vitamin K

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31
Q

Criteria for Stroke clot busters

A
  • nonhemmorhagic stroke
  • no head trauma
  • no bleeding anywhere that can’t be compression
  • less than 3 to 4.5 hours
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32
Q

Criteria for MI clot busters

A

less than 12 hours

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33
Q

Clopidogrel before PCI

A
  • 300 mg before

- 75 mg daily after

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34
Q

Beta-blocker SE

A
  • dizziness
  • fatigue
  • gaining weight
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35
Q

ACE SE

A
  • cough

- swelling in lips and tongue

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36
Q

CCB SE

A
  • swelling
  • constipation
  • reflex tachycardia
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37
Q

Alpha Blockers SE

A

syncope

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38
Q

Hydralazine SE

A

syncope

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39
Q

African American HTN

A

CCB

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40
Q

Post MI with HTN

A

beta-blocker

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41
Q

Diabetes with HTN

A

ACE/ARB

42
Q

Class III worry about

A

potassium

  • prolonged QT interval
  • slow potassium driven hyperpolarization
  • torsades
43
Q

Chest pain - first line

A

aspirin = chew it

44
Q

Hypertensive urgency

A

> 160/100

  • not taking medications
  • no end organ damage
  • PO meds
45
Q

Hypertensive emergency

A

> 180/110

  • end organ damage
  • IV meds
46
Q

Pregnant meds with HTN

A
  • methyldopa
  • labetalol
  • nifedipine
  • hydralazine
47
Q

Eclampsia with seizures

A

magnesium sulfate

48
Q

Preeclampsia

A

labetalol

49
Q

NSTEMI

A

-unstable angina

50
Q

Invasive vs. noninvasive NSTEMI

A
  • decision based on HEART score
  • heparin (left side heart procedures)
  • bivalirudin
  • recurrent or ST depressions
51
Q

STEMI

A
  • positive ST elevation

- positive troponins

52
Q

ACLS - aystole and PEA

A

epinephrine

53
Q

PVCs

A

class II = beta blockers

54
Q

Torn in half and bp through the roof

A

aortic dissection

-no fibrolytics

55
Q

chest pain for last week and stabbing pain, worst with breathing

A

pericarditis

56
Q

cardiomegaly, diastolic murmur LUSB, systolic murmur LLSB, right axis deviation, right ventricle hypertrophy

A

VSD

57
Q
  • oxygen and aspirin
  • before nitro - total of 3 doses
  • bp and pain rating
  • morphine and heparin drip
A

LAD - acute MI

58
Q
  • friction rub and muffled
  • little JVD
  • fluid around heart
  • bug last week
  • ECG (small, big, small)
A

pericardial effusion

59
Q
  • SOB while watching TV
  • diabetes
  • more tired than usual
  • get right EKG
  • aspirin and oxygen
  • no nitrates, morphine or diuretics
A

Inferior MI

60
Q
  • crushing chest pain
  • cath lab or clot buster
  • V1 in ECG
A

new LBBB

61
Q
  • VI and V2

- bear hug feeling

A

posterior wall MI

62
Q
  • SOB comes and goes with palpitations

- normal heart sounds

A

WPW

63
Q
  • lightheadness and fatigue
  • check CBC, thyroid, electrolytes
  • aspirin or DOCA or warfarin
A

A fib

64
Q
  • 32 weeks pregnant with palpitations

- dilated cardiomyopathy

A

V tach

65
Q

Asystole - kill you

A
  • trauma and its complications
  • Massive PE
  • Massive MI
66
Q

Asystole - survive

A
  • hypothermia
  • lighting strike
  • drug overdose
67
Q

Causes of PEA

A
  • hypoxia

- hypovolemia

68
Q

Two PVCs together

A

couplet

69
Q

One PVC after two beats

A

trigeminy

70
Q

One PVC after every other beat

A

bigeminy

71
Q

most common arrhythmia of cardiac arrest

A

V fib

72
Q

Gradually widening of PRI and QRS dropped

A

second degree block - type I

73
Q

set PR interval with QRS dropped

A

second degree block - type II

74
Q

widened PRI interval

A

first degree block

75
Q

P wave and QRS doing own thing

A

third degree block

76
Q

RVH

A

right axis deviation

R>S in V2

77
Q

LVH

A

S in V1 or V2 + R in V5 or V6 >35

78
Q

Inferior Wall MI with JVD

A

right side EKG

-no nitrates or morphine or diuretics

79
Q

RAE

A

tall peaked P waves

-V1

80
Q

LAE

A
  • wide M shaped P wave

- V1 = negative component

81
Q

Change once the baby is born

A
  • pressure in lungs decrease
  • pulmonary resistance decreases
  • pressure right side of heart lower pressure on left side of the heart
82
Q

Foramen ovale doesn’t close

A

PFO

83
Q

failure of ductus arteriosus

A

PDA

84
Q

Prostaglandins

A

keep PDA open

85
Q

Murmurs in kids

A
  • Stills
  • Pulmonary Ejection
  • Venous Hum
86
Q

Venous Hum

A
  • usually auscultated after 2 year of age
  • located in right infraclavicular area
  • continue musical murmur
87
Q

Chest pain

A

musculoskeletal

88
Q

Syncope - oh shit

A

syncope during exercise

89
Q

Common cause of passing out

A

vasovagal

90
Q

Kawasaki’s

A

Crush and Burn

  • coronary aneurysm
  • aspirin and immunoglobins
91
Q

Crash and Burn

A 
Conjunctivitis 
Rash
Adenopathy 
Strawberry tongue
Hand (swelling and erythema)
Fever ( >5 days)
92
Q

Jones

A

Polyarthritis

93
Q

Congenital Cyanotic

A
  • tetra fallot

- transposition

94
Q

Tetra fallot

A
  • most common cyanotic
  • PROM
  • squatting = increased systemic resistance
  • boot-shaped heart
95
Q

PROM

A

pulmonic stenosis
right ventricular hypertrophy
overriding aorta
massive VSD

96
Q

Transposition

A
  • parallel circulation
  • have to have VDS, ASD, or PAD to sustain life
  • prostglandins to survive if have PDA
97
Q

Endocarditis

A
  • transesophageal echo
  • two sets of blood cultures
  • new or changes murmur
98
Q

Tests for endocarditis

A
  • blood cultures

- vegetation on echo

99
Q

Pericarditis treatment

A

NSAIDS

100
Q

Might have pericarditis or cardiac tamponade or pericardial effusion

A

echo

101
Q

Compression on heart and Becks Triad

A

Cardiac tamponade

cardiovascular (10 decks)

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