Exam 2.1 Flashcards
1
Q
Arterial insufficiency
A
- not enough blood flow to the area
- atrophy
- hair not growing
- shinning skin
- poor pulses
2
Q
Venous insufficiency
A
- got the blood but can’t get it out
- swollen legs
- vercosites
- brownish skin
3
Q
When in doubt the answer is
A
quit smoking
4
Q
P with aortic occlusion
A
- pain
- polar
- pallor
- pulselessness
- paralysis
- paresthesia
- purple toes
5
Q
Venous insufficiency treatment
A
- compression stockings
- stop smoking
- don’t eat salt
- elevate legs
6
Q
Loop diuretics before and after starting
A
- BMP, electrolytes, glucose, kidney function
- add potassium supplement
- unless potassium is high via labs
7
Q
DeBakey - Type 1
A
dissection starts in the ascending aorta and travels over the arch and descending aorta
8
Q
DeBakey - Type 2
A
confined to the ascending aorta
9
Q
DeBakey - Type 3
A
starts in the descending aorta
10
Q
Stanford
A
solely based on initial dissection
11
Q
Type A
A
surgical management
12
Q
Type B
A
medical management
13
Q
Swollen Legs
A
venous insufficiency
14
Q
Murmur and pulse at the same time
A
systolic
15
Q
Stenosis
A
not opening enough
16
Q
Aortic Stenosis treatment
A
surgery
17
Q
How do you tell if the valve is bad
A
Echo
18
Q
Causes of aortic stenosis
A
- congenital
- senile degeneration and calcification
- rheumatic fever
19
Q
Rheumatic
A
mitral valve stenosis
20
Q
Aortic insufficiency (regurgitation)
A
Syphilis Congenital Rheumatic Endocarditis Aortic dilation Marfan's
21
Q
Bugs with IV use
A
staph arues
22
Q
Drugs for IV use
A
-cillin
23
Q
Valve with IV use
A
tricuspid
24
Q
Gallop
A
S1, S2, and something else
25
S3
- ventricular gallop
- HF
- dilated cardiomyopathy
- young person
- athletes
- pregnancy
26
S1
AV valves close
27
S4
related to some pathology
28
Fixed split S2
ASD
29
if potassium is low than
digoxin goes crazy
30
Too much warfarin
Vitamin K
31
Criteria for Stroke clot busters
- nonhemmorhagic stroke
- no head trauma
- no bleeding anywhere that can't be compression
- less than 3 to 4.5 hours
32
Criteria for MI clot busters
less than 12 hours
33
Clopidogrel before PCI
- 300 mg before
| - 75 mg daily after
34
Beta-blocker SE
- dizziness
- fatigue
- gaining weight
35
ACE SE
- cough
| - swelling in lips and tongue
36
CCB SE
- swelling
- constipation
- reflex tachycardia
37
Alpha Blockers SE
syncope
38
Hydralazine SE
syncope
39
African American HTN
CCB
40
Post MI with HTN
beta-blocker
41
Diabetes with HTN
ACE/ARB
42
Class III worry about
potassium
- prolonged QT interval
- slow potassium driven hyperpolarization
- torsades
43
Chest pain - first line
aspirin = chew it
44
Hypertensive urgency
>160/100
- not taking medications
- no end organ damage
- PO meds
45
Hypertensive emergency
>180/110
- end organ damage
- IV meds
46
Pregnant meds with HTN
- methyldopa
- labetalol
- nifedipine
- hydralazine
47
Eclampsia with seizures
magnesium sulfate
48
Preeclampsia
labetalol
49
NSTEMI
-unstable angina
50
Invasive vs. noninvasive NSTEMI
- decision based on HEART score
- heparin (left side heart procedures)
- bivalirudin
- recurrent or ST depressions
51
STEMI
- positive ST elevation
| - positive troponins
52
ACLS - aystole and PEA
epinephrine
53
PVCs
class II = beta blockers
54
Torn in half and bp through the roof
aortic dissection
| -no fibrolytics
55
chest pain for last week and stabbing pain, worst with breathing
pericarditis
56
cardiomegaly, diastolic murmur LUSB, systolic murmur LLSB, right axis deviation, right ventricle hypertrophy
VSD
57
- oxygen and aspirin
- before nitro - total of 3 doses
- bp and pain rating
- morphine and heparin drip
LAD - acute MI
58
- friction rub and muffled
- little JVD
- fluid around heart
- bug last week
- ECG (small, big, small)
pericardial effusion
59
- SOB while watching TV
- diabetes
- more tired than usual
- get right EKG
- aspirin and oxygen
- no nitrates, morphine or diuretics
Inferior MI
60
- crushing chest pain
- cath lab or clot buster
- V1 in ECG
new LBBB
61
- VI and V2
| - bear hug feeling
posterior wall MI
62
- SOB comes and goes with palpitations
| - normal heart sounds
WPW
63
- lightheadness and fatigue
- check CBC, thyroid, electrolytes
- aspirin or DOCA or warfarin
A fib
64
- 32 weeks pregnant with palpitations
| - dilated cardiomyopathy
V tach
65
Asystole - kill you
- trauma and its complications
- Massive PE
- Massive MI
66
Asystole - survive
- hypothermia
- lighting strike
- drug overdose
67
Causes of PEA
- hypoxia
| - hypovolemia
68
Two PVCs together
couplet
69
One PVC after two beats
trigeminy
70
One PVC after every other beat
bigeminy
71
most common arrhythmia of cardiac arrest
V fib
72
Gradually widening of PRI and QRS dropped
second degree block - type I
73
set PR interval with QRS dropped
second degree block - type II
74
widened PRI interval
first degree block
75
P wave and QRS doing own thing
third degree block
76
RVH
right axis deviation
| R>S in V2
77
LVH
S in V1 or V2 + R in V5 or V6 >35
78
Inferior Wall MI with JVD
right side EKG
| -no nitrates or morphine or diuretics
79
RAE
tall peaked P waves
| -V1
80
LAE
- wide M shaped P wave
| - V1 = negative component
81
Change once the baby is born
- pressure in lungs decrease
- pulmonary resistance decreases
- pressure right side of heart lower pressure on left side of the heart
82
Foramen ovale doesn't close
PFO
83
failure of ductus arteriosus
PDA
84
Prostaglandins
keep PDA open
85
Murmurs in kids
- Stills
- Pulmonary Ejection
- Venous Hum
86
Venous Hum
- usually auscultated after 2 year of age
- located in right infraclavicular area
- continue musical murmur
87
Chest pain
musculoskeletal
88
Syncope - oh shit
syncope during exercise
89
Common cause of passing out
vasovagal
90
Kawasaki's
Crush and Burn
- coronary aneurysm
- aspirin and immunoglobins
91
Crash and Burn
```
Conjunctivitis
Rash
Adenopathy
Strawberry tongue
Hand (swelling and erythema)
Fever ( >5 days)
```
92
Jones
Polyarthritis
93
Congenital Cyanotic
- tetra fallot
| - transposition
94
Tetra fallot
- most common cyanotic
- PROM
- squatting = increased systemic resistance
- boot-shaped heart
95
PROM
pulmonic stenosis
right ventricular hypertrophy
overriding aorta
massive VSD
96
Transposition
- parallel circulation
- have to have VDS, ASD, or PAD to sustain life
- prostglandins to survive if have PDA
97
Endocarditis
- transesophageal echo
- two sets of blood cultures
- new or changes murmur
98
Tests for endocarditis
- blood cultures
| - vegetation on echo
99
Pericarditis treatment
NSAIDS
100
Might have pericarditis or cardiac tamponade or pericardial effusion
echo
101
Compression on heart and Becks Triad
Cardiac tamponade
