Heart failure Flashcards
What condition is associated with FORWARD heart failure?
DCM
A dog presents with lethargy, exercise intolerance, pale mucus membranes, slow CRT, cold extremities and possible hypothermia. What type of heart failure is this dog in (forwards or backwards)?
Forwards
What are the clinical signs of left sided congestive (backwards) heart failure?
Pulmonary oedema - tachypnoea
Coughing
Inspiratory crackles
What are the clinical signs of right sided congestive (backwards) heart failure?
Ascites
+/- pleural effusion
Distended jugular waves
Positive hepatojugular reflex
What is the hepatojugular reflex? What type of heart failure does it indicate?
Gentle pressure on caudal abdomen causes distension/pulsation of jugular veins
Due to R sided CHF
A murmur at the left apex of the heart suggest which valve is involved?
Mitral valve
A murmur at the left base of the heart suggests which valves are involved?
Pulmonic or aortic valve
A continuous murmur at the left craniodorsal aspect of the heart suggests which cardiopathy?
Patent ductus arteriosus
A murmur at the right apex of the heart suggests which valve is involved?
Tricuspid
A right craniosternal murmur suggests which cardiopathy?
Ventricular septal defect
What are the stages in the ABCD classification of heart disease?
A = at risk, no structural abnormaltiies B = structural abnormality with no clinical signs B1 = no remodelling B2 = remodelling evident C = structural abnormality with signs of heart failure D = end stage heart failure, refractory
What are the two side effects of furosemide (on biochemistry)?
Hypokalaemia
Pre-renal azotaemia
What is pimobendan used for?
CHF in dogs
Particularly DCM
What effect does digoxin have on the heart?
Negative chronotrope
Weak positive inotrope
Which drug can be given to Dobermanns with preclinical DCM?
Pimobendan
Delays progression
