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Cardiology (SA) > Congenital heart disease > Flashcards

Congenital heart disease Flashcards

1
Q

The following congenital heart diseases cause hypertrophy of which side of the heart: tricuspid dysplasia, atrial septal defect, pulmonic stenosis?

A

R sided hypertrophy

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2
Q

The following congenital heart diseases cause hypertrophy of which side of the heart: mitral dysplasia, patent dutus arteriosus, subaortic stenosis?

A

L sided hypertrophy

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3
Q

Tricuspid dysplasia can lead to which sided heart failure?

A

R sided backwards (congestive) heartfailure

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4
Q

What 4 conditions are involved in the tetralogy of fallot?

A

Pulmonic stenosis
Ventricular septal defect
Dextraposed aorta
Right ventricular hypertrophy

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5
Q

What breeds are pre-disposed to pulmonic stenosis?

A 
Brachycephalic breeds  -Boxers, English bulldog 
Cockers
CKCS 
Terriers
Beagles
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6
Q

Pulmonic stenosis causes what kind of murmur?

A

Left sided systolic murmur

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7
Q

What type of hypertrophy does pulmonic stenosis cause?

A

R sided, concentric hypertrophy

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8
Q

How is pulmonic stenosis graded?

A

Based on RV pressure
Mild <50mmHg
Moderate 50-80mmHg
Severe >80mmHg

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9
Q

How is pulmonic stenosis treated?

A

Atenolol - to reduce arrhythmias, syncope and risk of sudden death
Cardiac catheterisation - balloon valvuloplasty
Or other surgical dilation

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10
Q

Ventricular septal defect is common in which dog breeds?

A

Cocker
WHWT
Beagle
(More common in cats!)

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11
Q

How does heart murmur grade of a ventricular septal defect correlate with disease severity?

A

Inverse correlation
Small defect - high grade murmur
Large defect - low grade murmur

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12
Q

What type of heart murmur is heard with a ventricular septal defect?

A

Systolic heart murmur, PMI on R side

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13
Q

What dog breeds are over-represented for mitral valve dysplasia?

A 
Great Dane
Bull Retrievers
Golden Retrievers
Mastiffs
(Mitral dysplasia - large breeds, mitral regurgitation - small breeds)
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14
Q

All cat breeds can get mitral valve dysplasia, but which breed in particular is most affected?

A

Siamese

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15
Q

Give examples of conditions that are included in mitral valve dysplasia

A 
Annular enlargement
Short thick leaflets
Short, long or thin chordae tendinae
Malposition of papillary muscles etc
(Majority of cases have some evidence of mitral regurgitation)
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16
Q

What dogs (sex and breed) are predisposed to a patent ductus arteriosus?

A

FEMALES
Bichon Fries, Poodle, Maltese Pomeranian, Corgi
German Shepherd, Labrador, Shetland sheepdog

17
Q

How can a patent ductus arteriosus be treated?

A

Surgery - thoracotomy, ligation of ductus

Ampltaz canine duct occlude - expanding wire mesh catheter placed via femoral artery

18
Q

Subaortic stenosis is one of the most common cardiac deformities in a dog. Which breeds are pre-disposed?

A 
NEWFOUNDLANDS
Boxer
Golden Retriever
Rotweiler
Bull terriers
19
Q

How is subaortic stenosis graded?

A

Same as pulmonic stenosis:
Mild = pressure gradient <50mmHg
Moderate = 50-80mmHg
Severe = >80mmHg

20
Q

How are dogs with mild or moderate subaortic stenosis treated?

A

No treatment required

Only treat if severely affected

21
Q

How are dogs with severe subaortic stenosis treated?

A

Transcatheter boon dilation (only short-term benefit)

Treating of CHF but AVOID positive inotropes or arteriodilators in fixed obstruction (pimobendan)

22
Q

Name 2 congenital cardiac conditions that do NOT cause a murmur

A

Persistent right aortic arch

Pericardio-peritoneal diaphragmatic hernia

23
Q

How is a persistent right aortic arch treated?

A

Surgical ligation of ligamentum arteriosum

24
Q

Name one cat breed and one dog breed prediposed to a pericardio-peritoneal diaphragmatic hernia

A

Maine Coon

Weimaraner

25
Q

A PDA causes a continuous heart murmur. How does it affect the pulse quality?

A

Bounding pulses

‘Water hammer’

26
Q

Mitral dysplasia, aortic stenosis and pulmonic stenosis all cause a left sided systolic murmur. How do they differ in terms of effect on pulse quality?

A

Aortic stenosis - weak pulse

Mitral dysplasia and pulmonic stenosis - normal pulse

27
Q

How does a large ventricular septal defect affect pulse quality?

A

Bounding pulse

Cardiology (SA) (13 decks)

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