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Anatomoy 3 > Heart chp 25 > Flashcards

Heart chp 25 Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiovascular System

A

Circulatory system = heart and blood vessels

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2
Q

Heart

A

muscle, fxn = pump blood thru vessels of CV system, cardiac striated muscles, chambers (2 atria, 2 ventricles)
Atria lie post to ventricles (horizontal blood flow)
In thorax, btw lungs, resting on diaphragm

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3
Q

Structures that protect the heart

A

Ant - sternum
Laterally - ribs, ICM, lungs
Post - thoracic vertebrae
Pericardium - tough connective (fibroserous) tissue sac

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4
Q

Pericardium

A

outer layer blends w central tendon of diaphragm inf.
sup/post - fibrous layer blends w major vessels (VC, aorta, pulm trunk)
Myocardium - cardiac muscle
Endocardium - inner epithelial lining of chambers

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5
Q

Three surfaces

A

Sternocostal - adjacent to sternum and costal cartilages
Diaphragmatic - adjacent to diaphragm
Pulmonary - adjacent to medial surface of left lung

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6
Q

Apex

A

rounded projection, points inf and left, 6 CC

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7
Q

Base

A

where great vessels attach

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8
Q

Auricles (earlike appendage)

A

lateral surface of both atria, allow for increased capacity

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9
Q

Crista Terminalis

A

vertical muscular ridge, post wall of RA

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10
Q

Musculi Pectinati

A

from crista terminalis, ridge-like extensions

Found only in RA, and right and left auricles

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11
Q

RA venous openings

A

Superior and Inferior Vena Caval opening, (valve of IVC = nonfunctional), opening of coronary sinus (ant/sup to IVC)

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12
Q

Interatrial septum

A

btw right/left atrium,

fossa ovalis, limbus fossa ovalis

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13
Q

Foramen Ovale

A

foramen present in the fetal stages of development btw RA/LA, closes at birth, then called fossa ovalis

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14
Q

Tricuspid Valve (Right Atrioventricular)

A

Guards right atrioventricular opening, from RA to RV, closes during contraction of ventricles, preventing backflow

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15
Q

Atrioventricular valves composed of:

A

Cusps - flaps of connective tissue
Chordae tendineae - connective tissue cords, attach to lower surface of cusps
Papillary muscle - internal folds of ventricular muscle, chordae tendineae attach (a type of trabecular carneae)

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16
Q

Trabecula Carneae

A

irregular ridge like projections of muscle

papillary muscle and moderator band (septomarginal trabecular)

17
Q

Moderator Band (Septomarginal Trabecula)

A

attaches to interventricular septum and ant papillary muscle

contains the right branch of atrioventricular bundle

18
Q

Semilunar Valve

A

3 flaps or cusps
nodule - thickening of fibrous tissue at free edge of cusp, fills small gap when closed
Lunula - narrow thin crescent area extending from each side of nodule
Sinuses - spaces btw cusps and wall of vessels

19
Q

Pulmonary Circulation

A

RV → pulmonary semilunar valve → pulmonary trunk → Rt and left pulmonary arteries → Rt and left lungs → oxygenated blood returns via FOUR pulmonary veins (2 from rt lung, 2 from left) → LA

20
Q

LA

A

Musculi pectinati in left auricle only

4 opening of pulmonary veins and left atrioventricular valve

21
Q

Bicuspid Valve (Mitral valve)

A

Has 2 cusps, chordae tendineae, and papillary muscles

22
Q

LV

A

has trabecula carneae
very thick ventricle wall
performs more work and is larger

23
Q

Aortic Semilunar Valve

A

3 cusps, nodules, and lunulae

aortic sinuses - origins of right and left coronary arteries

24
Q

SA node

A

pacemaker, jxn of SVC and RA
impulse initiated in SA node, spreads thru atrial muscle to both atria, causing them both to contract, reaches atrioventricular node

25
Q

AV node

A

in upper part of interventricular septum

receives impulse from SA node, holds it while atria contract, then sends impulse to atrioventricular bundle

26
Q

Atrioventricular bundle (Bundle of His)

A

extends down interventricular septum, divides into right and left branch
Right branch goes thru septomarginal trabecula to wall of RV
Left branch goes directly to LV
Causing both ventricles to contract

27
Q

Right Coronary Artery (RCA)

A

arises from right aortic sinus, emerges btw pulm trunk and right auricle
inf along heart, giving off marginal branch, then to back of heart
gives off post interventricular artery (apex)
ending by anastomoses w branch of left coronary artery

28
Q

Left Coronary Artery (LCA)

A

arises from left aortic sinus
btw left auricle and pulm trunk
divides into anterior interventricular artery AKA left anterior descending (LAD), towards apex,
ending by anastomosing w post interventricular artery
circumflex branch - around heart to RCA

29
Q

Cardiac Veins

A

All drain into coronary sinus:
Great cardiac vein - courses w ant interventricular artery and circumflex branch, cont on back of heart as coronary sinus
Middle cardiac vein - courses w post interventricular artery
Small cardiac vein - courses w marginal artery

30
Q

Coronary sinus

A

short, wide vessel, receiving all 3 cardiac veins

empties into RA

31
Q

Anterior cardiac veins

A

2-3 small vessels draining RV, ending in RA

32
Q

Venae cordis minimae

A

numerous small veins draining myocardium, empty separately into all four chambers

Anatomoy 3 (9 decks)

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