heart and great vessels Flashcards
heart: demonstrate the surface markings of the heart and great vessels, the position and site of auscultation of the heart valves, and explain their clinical relevance; identify the major anatomical features of each chamber of the heart and explain their functional significance; describe the structure and position of heart valves and explain their function; describe the anatomical course of the spread of electrical excitation through the chambers of the heart, recall the position of palpation of
surface markings of the heart and great vessels
Netter’s anatomy flashcards
position and site of auscultation of heart valves
Netter’s anatomy flashcards
what are the two circuits of the heart
pulmonary and systemic
inflow of right atrium
blood returns bia superior and inferior venae cavae (body) and coronary sinus (heart)
inflow of left atrium
blood returns via pulmonary veins
outflow of right ventricle
outflow to pulmonary trunk
outflow of left ventricle
outflow to ascending aorta
significance of right atrium
AVN tricuspid valve, crista terminalis, musculi pectinati, valve of IVC, valve of coronary sinus (main drainage veins from coronary to heart), opening of coronary sinus
significance of left atrium
mitral valve, small window between right atrium - bypassed in foetus; left auricle, pulmonary veins, valve of foramen (fossa) ovale (permits blood to go right atrium to left atrium and bypass lungs in foetus)
siginificance of right ventricle
conus arteriosus, septal papillary muscle, septomarginal trabecula, posterior papillary muscle, trabeculae carneae, anterior papillary muscle, chordae tendineae (heart strings, embedded by papillary muscles - stops backflow), pulmonary valve
significance of left ventricle
mitral valve anterior cusp, chordae tendineae, anterior papillary muscle, trabeculae carneae (net), posterior papillary muscle, mitral valve posterior cusp; 2 aortic sinuses have holes (coronary aortic sinuses) for coronary arteries
sections of the conducting system
SAN, Bachmann’s bundle, AVN, His bundle, left posterior bundle, right bundle, Purkinje fibres
pathway of conduction
excitation begins in SAN → spreads across atria causing contraction → concurrently wave stimulates AVN → travels through bundle of His → travels along bundle branches, through Purkinje fibres, causing ventricular contraction
MRI of heart
braciocephalic vein → SVC → right atrium → pulmonary artery → pulmonary vein → left heart → aorta
position of palpation of apex beat
vary from 4th ICS (children) to 5th
ICS (adults), and about 6 to 10 cm from the midsternal line on mid-clavicular line
