Heart and Digestion Flashcards
What is chemical digestion
Involves the use of enzymes to break down the food
What do amylases break down
Carbohydrates
What do proteases break down
Protein
What do lipases break down
Lipids
what is the substance that enzymes breakdown
Substrate
How do enzymes die
When they become over heated
In the digestion diagram from ur mouth to ur anus what’s in the middle
Mouth Salivary glands Epiglottis Oesophagus Liver Gall bladder Stomach Pancreas Small intestine Large intestine Appendix Rectum Anus
describe function of the villi
Once food is broken down by enzymes into molecules in ur small intestine the molecules are absorbed through finger shaped villi
Describe shape of villi
Villi are shaped like fingers to maximise surface area increasing the efficiency of nutrient absorption into the capillaries these nutrients are transported to cells that need them
From top to bottom label the villi
Epithelium cells Capillaries Lacteal Veins Lymph vessel
From top to bottom label the heart
Aorta Superior vena cava Left atrium Right atrium Right ventricle Left ventricle Inferior vena cava
How much blood in a human
5 litres or bucket full
How many times do RBC travel around the body
300 000 times 120 days
Where are RBC manufactured
1.7 million RBC are manufactured in the bone marrow each second
Plasma
Plasma is found in 55% of blood and is a straw coloured fluid. It contains serum and fibrinogen
RBC
Lacks a nucleus and are biconcave it also carries oxygen and a pigment haemolglobin
WBC
Contains a nucleus making them larger they also fight illness and infection
Platelets
They clot blood vessels and prevent germs getting in
Structure and function arteries
They transport blood from your heart
Arteries have thick elastic walls and carry blood under high pressure away from your heart
Structure and function veins
Transport blood back to the heart
Thin walls and posses valves
Structure and function capillaries
Capillaries transport substances such as oxygen and nutrients to cells and remove wastes
Where are capillaries found
Between arteries and veins
Incisors
Act like scissors, used for biting and cutting,
Chiseled edge and broad thin crown
Canines
Fang like, tear and grasp food, sharp pointed
Molars and premolars
Have cusps used for grinding and crushing
What is peristalsis
Help push down food in the Oesophagus and small intestine
What coeliac disease
Intolerant to gluten
Where are the ventricles
Bottom
Where are the atriums
Top
Where does the blood pumped from the left side got to
Everywhere except lungs
Where does the blood pumped from the right side go to
The lungs
What is systolic pressure
When ur blood pressure is at its highest as the heart contracts
What is diastolic pressure
Blood pressure at its lowest where the heart is relaxed
What are valves
Help blood to only travel in one direction
What is a electrocardiograph
Shows electrical activity of a persons heart
What is mechanical digestion
Also know as physical digestion as u use ur teeth to bite tear crush and grind food
