Atoms Flashcards
Define atom
Consists of a cluster of protons and neutrons surrounded by a cloud of electrons
Define compound
A pure substance that us made up of two or more different types of atoms chemically joined
Define element
A substance made up of only one type of atom
Define electron shell
Part of the electron cloud, a layer that surrounds the nucleus and can only hold a certain of electrons
Define electron configuration
The number of electrons in each of the electron shells of an atom
Define crystal lattice
A grid like structure of atoms and ions where each particle is bonded to all of its neighbouring atoms
Define atomic number
The number of protons in a nucleus
Define electron
A small negatively charged particle that creates a cloud of electrons surrounding a nucleus
Define isotopes
Atoms that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
Define mass number
The number of protons and neutrons in an atom
Define neutral
No over all charge
Define neutron
A particle with no electrical charge found in the nucleus of an atom
Define nucleus
A cluster of neutrons and protons at the centre of an atom
Define proton
A positively charged particle in the nucleus
What are the first 20 elements
Hydrogen Helium Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Symbol hydrogen
H
Symbol helium
He
Symbol lithium
Li
Symbol beryllium
Be
Symbol boron
B
Symbol carbon
C
Symbol nitrogen
N
Symbol oxygen
O
Symbol fluorine
F
Symbol neon
Ne
Symbol sodium
Na
Symbol magnesium
Mg
Symbol aluminium
Al
Symbol silicon
Si
Symbol phosphorus
P
Symbol Sulfur
S
Symbol chlorine
Cl
Symbol argon
Ar
Symbol potassium
K
Symbol calcium
Ca
Period
Rows and tells us how many electron shells it has
Group
Tells us how many electrons in its outer shell
Vertical
Group 1 elements?
All react in / with water
Noble gases
Had a full outer electron shell and can’t bond with other atoms. Helium to radon
Where are the non metals
Step formation from boron to ununoctium
How to calculate neutrons
Mass no. - atomic no.
Placement of electron shells
1st = 2 electrons 2nd = 8 electrons 3rd = 8 for the first 20 elements
What make crystal lattices
Made up of carbon and copper
What make crystal lattices
Made up of carbon and copper
