Heart Flashcards
Describe the pericardial layers.
Fibrous pericardium
Serous pericardium (w/ visceral and parietal layer - parietal layer is fused to the fibrous pericardium)
What is the developmental origin of the fibrous pericardium?
Developed from part of the body wall
What forms the base of the heart?
The left atrium.
What forms the sternocostal (anterior) surface of the heart?
Right ventricle and right atrium
What forms the diaphragmatic surface of the heart?
Right and left ventricles
What forms the left pulmonary surface of the heart?
Left ventricle
What forms the right pulmonary surface of the heart?
Right atrium
On CXR, what forms the right border of the heart?
The right atrium (mostly)
On CXR, what forms the left border of the heart?
Left ventricle
What forms the inferior border of the heart as seen on CXR?
Right and left ventricles
Name the layers of the heart wall.
Inner endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium (visceral serous pericardium)
What are the fancy words for the smooth and rough part of the right atrium?
Smooth part is the sinus venarum
Rough part is the auricle
The fossa ovalis is a result of closure of the _______?
foramen ovale
The stringy muscles inthe atria are called ______ ______, while the muscles in the ventricles are called ______ ______ and ______ ______.
Atria: pectinate muscles
Ventricles: trabeculae carneae and papillary muscles
The smooth parts of the ventricles are the _______ (inflow/outflow) parts.
outflow
What is the fancy name for the smooth/outflow part of the right ventricle?
Infundibulum
What is the fancy word for the smooth/outflow part of the left ventricle?
Aortic vestibule
Blood moves from atria to ventricles through atrioventricular ________.
orifices
Describe the flow of blood through the heart and great vessels.
Deoxygenated blood from body -> SVC/IVC -> Right Atrium -> Right Ventricle -> Pulmonary Trunk -> Pulmonary Arteries -> Lungs -> Pulmonary Veins -> Left Atrium -> Left Ventricle -> Systemic circulation
What structures are responsible for the prevention of A-V valve eversion during ventricular systole?
Papillary muscles and chordae tendinae
Name the structure that is characterized by a thickened band of muscle at the junction of the auricle and sinus venarum in the right atrium.
crista terminalis
Describe the conduction pathway in the heart.
SA node -> atrial muscle -> AV node -> AV bundle through the fibrous skeleton -> right and left bundle branches -> Purkinje fibers OR moderator band to papillary muscles
Describe the innervation to the heart.
Cardiac plexus - located at the trachael bifurcation - contains nerve fibers from the vagus (parasympathetic) and fibers from the sympathetic trunk (T1-T4)
In between which two vessels would you find the vagus nerves?
Between the internal jugular veins and the common carotid arteries (in the carotid sheath!)
From the venous end to the arterial end, name all the parts of the developing heart tube.
Sinus venosus Primordial atrium Primordial ventricle Bulbus cordis Aortic sac Truncus arteriosus
What is the embryonic origin of the inflow part of the right ventricle? What about the outflow part/infundibulum?
Inflow part derived from the proximal bulbus cordis
Outflow part derived from the distal bulbus cordis
What is the embryonic origin of the sinus venosus? What about the auricle?
Sinus venarum derived from the right horn of the sinus venosus.
Auricle developed from the primitive right atrium.
What are the embryonic origins of the inflow and outflow parts of the left ventricle?
Inflow part derived from the primitive ventricle.
Outflow part derived from the distal bulbus cordis.
Explain why the right recurrent laryngeal nerve wraps around the right subclavian artery whereas the left recurrent laryngeal nerve wraps around the aorta.
Because the 5th and 6th aortic arches on the right degenerate, so the recurrent laryngeal nerve gets hung up on the 4th arch, which later becomes the subclavian artery. On the left side, the recurrent laryngeal nerve gets hung up on the 6th arch/ dorsal aortae, which become the ligamentum arteriosum and aortic arch, respectively.
An anastomosis between the _________ _________ veins during development gives rise to the left brachiocephalic vein.
precardinal veins
What is the developmental origin of the superior vena cava?
It forms from the proximal right anterior cardinal vein along with a bit of the right common cardinal vein.
The _______ _______ shunts fetal blood away from the liver, and developed as an anastomosis between which vessels?
ductus venosus developed as an anastomosis between the left vitelline and umbilical veins and the right vitelline vein.
