GI

Question 1

At what vertebral levels do the celiac trunk, SMA, and IMA arise from the aorta?

Answer 1

Celiac trunk: T12

SMA: L1

IMA: L3

Question 2

At what vertebral level does the aorta bifurcate -> common iliac arteries?

Answer 2

L4

Question 3

What are the embryologic origins of the falciform ligament and round ligament of the liver?

Answer 3

Falciform ligament was ventral mesentery

Round ligament was the umbilical vein

Question 4

Portal hypertension can cause dilation of anastomotic veins that drain into the systemic circulation (via the IVC or azygous veins). Name these venous systems.

Answer 4

Esophageal veins –> esophageal varices

Retroperitoneal veins –> colonic varices

Rectal veins –> hemorrhoids

Paraumbilical veins –> caput medusae

Question 5

Answer 5

Question 6

Answer 6

Question 7

What makes up the portal triad within the hepatoduodenal ligament?

Answer 7

Common bile duct, hepatic artery proper, portal vein

Question 8

Name the major branches of the SMA.

Answer 8

Middle colic a.

Right colic a.

Ileocolic a.

Jejunal and ileal branches

Question 9

Name the major branches of the IMA.

Answer 9

Left colic a.

Sigmoidal branches

Superior rectal a.

Question 10

Which vessels join to form the portal vein?

Answer 10

SMV, IMV, splenic vein

Question 11

Describe both the parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation to the foregut, midgut, and hindgut.

Answer 11

Foregut:

Parasympathetic: vagus

Sympathetic: greater splanchnic (T5-9)

Midgut:

Parasympathetic: vagus

Sympathetic: lesser and least splanchnic (T10-12)

Hindgut:

Parasympathetic: pelvic splanchnic (S2-4)

Sympathetic: lumbar splanchnic (L1-2)