Heart

Question 1

william harvey

Answer 1

discovery of circulation of blood

Question 2

circulatory system

Answer 2

closed system, blood travels is a pattern

Question 3

circulatory system functions

Answer 3

carries O2 and nutrients to cells
take waste away from cells
distribute heat
defend foreign organisms
send chemical messages to different parts of the body

Question 4

Heart

Answer 4

pump of the circulatory system
made of cardiac muscle

Question 5

cardiac muscle

Answer 5

allows propagation of stimuli
branched

Question 6

septum

Answer 6

wall separate left and right side of heart

Question 7

4 chambers

Answer 7

atria and ventricles

Question 8

is atria or ventricle larger

Answer 8

ventricle because it pumps blood to the entire body

Question 9

4 valves

Answer 9

prevent backflow of blood, surrounded by pericardium

Question 10

paricardium

Answer 10

fluid filled sac to reduce friction

Question 11

tricuspid valve

Answer 11

right AV between atrium and ventricle

Question 12

bicuspid (mitral) valve

Answer 12

Left AV

Question 13

two semi lunar valve

Answer 13

aortic
pulmonary

Question 14

pulmonary

Answer 14

between pulmonary and right ventricle

Question 15

aortic

Answer 15

between left ventricle and aorta

Question 16

blood flow (right side)

Answer 16

1. blood enters heart via superior vena cava and inferior vena cava into right atrium
2. through tricupid valve into right ventricle
3. AV valve supported by cordae teninase, attached to papillary muscle
4. blood flows through pulmonary semi lunar valve and into pulmonary artery and off to the lungs

Question 17

blood flow (left side)

Answer 17

1. blood from pulmonary veins and enters left atruyn
2. through the biscupid (mitral) valve into left ventricle
3. blood leaves left ventricle through the aortic semi lunar valves and into the aorta where it goes to the body

Question 18

coronary

Answer 18

the heart pumps blood to itself, muscles not fed equals hear attack

Question 19

angina

Answer 19

chest pain

Question 20

coronary artery disease

Answer 20

fatty plaque build up in the inner lining of coronary arteries

Question 21

circulatory pathways

Answer 21

coronary
systematic
pulmonary

Question 22

heart beat

Answer 22

SA node and AV node

Question 23

SA node (sinoatrial node)

Answer 23

in right atrium
start atria contraction
acts as pacemaker
rate controlled by 2 nerves from medulla in brain
sends electrical signals that stimulates contraction
continues to ventricle, but not directly

Question 24

AV node (atrioventricular)

Answer 24

delay before AV node causes ventricles to contract
delay allows time for atrial systole before the atrioventricular valves close
conducting fibres ensure coordinated contractions of the entire ventricle wall

Question 25

heart beat sounds

Answer 25

lub - closing of AV valves dub- closing of semilunar valves

Question 26

arteries

Answer 26

carry blood away from ventricles of heart at high pressure

Question 27

arterioles

Answer 27

small arteries smooth muscle and elastic fibres pressure high but less than arteries as you get further from the heart, pressure decreases precapillary sphincters regulate blood flow smooth muscle controlled by the brain

Question 28

capillaries

Answer 28

single cell layers thin walls for fluid and gas exchange easily destroyed high surface area, pressure drops blood goes in with oxygen and leaves without it

Question 29

venules

Answer 29

connect capillaries and veins lined with smooth muscle not enough blood pressure to return to heart

Question 30

veins

Answer 30

lead towards heart

Question 31

BP receptor

Answer 31

baroreceptors are located in walls of aorta and carotid arteries

Question 32

parasympathetic nerve

Answer 32

slow down nerve dilate arterioles, increase out put, decrease BP and heart rate

Question 33

sympathetic nerve

Answer 33

speed up, increase output, decrease outflow, raising BP

Question 34

when there is stress

Answer 34

medulla signals and adrenal gland to release hormone epinephrine, pre pare for physical activity

Question 35

edema

Answer 35

tissue swelling due to too much fluid collecting in ECF

Question 36

extra cellular fluid (ECF)

Answer 36

fluid outside of cells and blood vessels, allow diffusion of materials between blood and the cells as well as cell to cell

Question 37

fluid pressure

Answer 37

force of blood on the capillart wall, movement of water out of blood vessels

Question 38

osmotic pressure

Answer 38

protein molecules and minerals in blood make blood hypertonic solutions in the capillaries, thrust drawing fluis into the capillaries