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Bio20 > Heart > Flashcards

Heart Flashcards

1
Q

william harvey

A

discovery of circulation of blood

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2
Q

circulatory system

A

closed system, blood travels is a pattern

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3
Q

circulatory system functions

A

carries O2 and nutrients to cells
take waste away from cells
distribute heat
defend foreign organisms
send chemical messages to different parts of the body

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4
Q

Heart

A

pump of the circulatory system
made of cardiac muscle

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5
Q

cardiac muscle

A

allows propagation of stimuli
branched

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6
Q

septum

A

wall separate left and right side of heart

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7
Q

4 chambers

A

atria and ventricles

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8
Q

is atria or ventricle larger

A

ventricle because it pumps blood to the entire body

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9
Q

4 valves

A

prevent backflow of blood, surrounded by pericardium

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10
Q

paricardium

A

fluid filled sac to reduce friction

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11
Q

tricuspid valve

A

right AV between atrium and ventricle

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12
Q

bicuspid (mitral) valve

A

Left AV

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13
Q

two semi lunar valve

A

aortic
pulmonary

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14
Q

pulmonary

A

between pulmonary and right ventricle

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15
Q

aortic

A

between left ventricle and aorta

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16
Q

blood flow (right side)

A
  1. blood enters heart via superior vena cava and inferior vena cava into right atrium
  2. through tricupid valve into right ventricle
  3. AV valve supported by cordae teninase, attached to papillary muscle
  4. blood flows through pulmonary semi lunar valve and into pulmonary artery and off to the lungs
17
Q

blood flow (left side)

A
  1. blood from pulmonary veins and enters left atruyn
  2. through the biscupid (mitral) valve into left ventricle
  3. blood leaves left ventricle through the aortic semi lunar valves and into the aorta where it goes to the body
18
Q

coronary

A

the heart pumps blood to itself, muscles not fed equals hear attack

19
Q

angina

A

chest pain

20
Q

coronary artery disease

A

fatty plaque build up in the inner lining of coronary arteries

21
Q

circulatory pathways

A

coronary
systematic
pulmonary

22
Q

heart beat

A

SA node and AV node

23
Q

SA node (sinoatrial node)

A

in right atrium
start atria contraction
acts as pacemaker
rate controlled by 2 nerves from medulla in brain
sends electrical signals that stimulates contraction
continues to ventricle, but not directly

24
Q

AV node (atrioventricular)

A

delay before AV node causes ventricles to contract
delay allows time for atrial systole before the atrioventricular valves close
conducting fibres ensure coordinated contractions of the entire ventricle wall

25
Q

heart beat sounds

A

lub - closing of AV valves
dub- closing of semilunar valves

26
Q

arteries

A

carry blood away from ventricles of heart at high pressure

27
Q

arterioles

A

small arteries
smooth muscle and elastic fibres
pressure high but less than arteries as you get further from the heart, pressure decreases
precapillary sphincters regulate blood flow
smooth muscle controlled by the brain

28
Q

capillaries

A

single cell layers
thin walls for fluid and gas exchange
easily destroyed
high surface area, pressure drops
blood goes in with oxygen and leaves without it

29
Q

venules

A

connect capillaries and veins
lined with smooth muscle
not enough blood pressure to return to heart

30
Q

veins

A

lead towards heart

31
Q

BP receptor

A

baroreceptors are located in walls of aorta and carotid arteries

32
Q

parasympathetic nerve

A

slow down nerve dilate arterioles, increase out put, decrease BP and heart rate

33
Q

sympathetic nerve

A

speed up, increase output, decrease outflow, raising BP

34
Q

when there is stress

A

medulla signals and adrenal gland to release hormone epinephrine, pre pare for physical activity

35
Q

edema

A

tissue swelling due to too much fluid collecting in ECF

36
Q

extra cellular fluid (ECF)

A

fluid outside of cells and blood vessels, allow diffusion of materials between blood and the cells as well as cell to cell

37
Q

fluid pressure

A

force of blood on the capillart wall, movement of water out of blood vessels

38
Q

osmotic pressure

A

protein molecules and minerals in blood make blood hypertonic solutions in the capillaries, thrust drawing fluis into the capillaries

Bio20 (10 decks)

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