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Bio20 > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Ingestion

A

Taking in of nutrients

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2
Q

Digestion

A

Breakdown of nutrients into smaller complexes

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3
Q

Nutrients

A

Organic compounds

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4
Q

Absorption

A

Nutrients move from gastric intestinal track to the blood

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5
Q

Lymph system

A

Blood area

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6
Q

Assimilation

A

Cells absorb substances they need
Amino acids and glycerol
Build their own macromolecules

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7
Q

Egestion

A

Removal of materials that are not absorbed

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8
Q

The digestive system consists of 2 groups

A

Gl track
Accessory organs

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9
Q

Accessory organs

A

Do not touch food but needed for digestion

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10
Q

Digestive track also known as

A

Alimentary canal

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11
Q

Digestive track

A

Open ended muscular tube around 6.5m to 9m long in adults

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12
Q

Mouth

A

Mechanical digestion, physical break down of food

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13
Q

Teeth

A

Perform Mechanical digestion
Increase surface area of food for enzymes

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14
Q

Tongue

A

For chewing and swallowing
Mixes food with saliva
Rolls food into balls

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15
Q

Bolus

A

Ball like structures the tongue rolls into

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16
Q

Exocrine gland

A

Secrete substance to the surface of the body or lumen of the gut

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17
Q

Saliva gland

A

Contains an enzyme amylase, begins starch (amylose) digestion into maltose (disaccharide)
Uses chemical digestion with hydrolysis
Contains dummy mucus

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18
Q

Parynx

A

Where mouth and nose joins
Where you give pushes bolus and it is is swallowed

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19
Q

Epiglottis

A

A flap that prevents food from entering the trachea, guides food into the esophagus, so you don’t choke

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20
Q

Trachea

A

Wind pipe

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21
Q

Esophagus

A

25cm long tube made of smooth muscle, secretes mucus
Moves food via peristalsis,
Involuntary
No digestion occurs

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22
Q

Peristalsis

A

Contractions of circular and longitudinal mussels that push the bolus to the stomach

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23
Q

Stomach Ph

A

Ph2

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24
Q

Stomach

A

Digestive organ beneath diaphragm on left side of the abdomen
Site of mechanical and chemical digestion
Takes 1-6h

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25
Q

Stomach sphincters

A

Circular muscles that regulates passage of material

26
Q

Cardiacs sphincter

A

Controls opening to the stomach from esophagus

27
Q

Pyloric sphincter

A

Regulates the movement of foods and stomach acids entering small intestines

28
Q

Stomach sphincter 2 types

A

Cardiac sphincter and pyloric sphincter

29
Q

Rugae

A

Folds in the inner wall of the stomach
Has gastric glands that release 400-800ml of gastric juice per meal

30
Q

Gastrin

A

Hormone produced In Cell of stomach when food enters it

31
Q

Gastric juice released by

A

Nervous system control
Hormone control
Pepsin

32
Q

Envious system control

A

Released when you see or smell food
Or
When food actually reaches stomach

33
Q

Hormonal control

A

Gastrin travels to target cells

34
Q

Pepsin

A

Active form of pepsinogen
HCL converts pepsinogen to pepsin which hydrolyze proteins to peptides

35
Q

Is pepsin a peptidase

A

Yes

36
Q

mucous

A

thick basic coating which covers the stomach lining and protects it from HCI &pepsin

37
Q

rennin

A

secreted as prorenin and activated by HCI to rennin, and digest milk in children, works in a basic environment

38
Q

chyme

A

name of food in semi-liquid form

39
Q

ulcer

A

formed when the stomach itself is digested by gastric juice

40
Q

small intestine

A

continue contractions of circular and longitudinal muscles which mix food and enzymes

41
Q

accessory organs

A

liver, gall bladder and pancreas, never come in contact with food

42
Q

pancreas

A

releases bicarbonate ions which raise pH to 9 by buffering the HCl

43
Q

Lipid digestion

A

pancreas secrete lipases into the SI which digests lipids

44
Q

liver and gall bladder

A

bile salts produced in the liver from surplus cholesterol and stored in the gall bladder
lipids present in the duodenum release a hormone that triggers the release of bile salts

45
Q

bile

A

made of water, cholesterol, and pigments

46
Q

Liver

A

all nutrients absorbed into the capillaries of the small intestine are first brought to the liver to regulate nutrient levels

47
Q

large intestine

A

moves food via peristalsis

48
Q

appendix

A

vestigial organ with no apparent function

49
Q

bacteria

A

synthesize B12 and K

50
Q

cellous

A

from plant materials we eat provides bulk in colon to promote a bowel movement

51
Q

rectum

A

temporary feces storage area, when full, signals are sent to the brain –> BM time

52
Q

Anus

A

opening where solid waste is eliminated from the body, one involuntary and one voluntary

53
Q

Villi

A

Finger like projections found in small intestine
Increase SA of epithelium by 10x

54
Q

Microvilli

A

Have I folding of cell membranes
Further increase SA

55
Q

Does villi have different methods of membranes transport to absorb nutrients

A

Yes

56
Q

Capillary network

A

Tiny blood vessels where carbohydrates, vitamins, Iona, and amino acids are absorbed

57
Q

Lacteals

A

Interwined with lymph vessels, where lipid monomers are absorbed

58
Q

Serosa

A

Protective outer covering of connective tissue

59
Q

Muscle layer

A

Outer layer of longitudinal muscle and inner layer of circular muscle

60
Q

Submicosa

A

Composed of connective tissue separating the muscle layer from inner mucosa

61
Q

Mucosa

A

Highly folded inner layer which absorbs material from the intestinal lumen

Bio20 (10 decks)

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