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Bio20 > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

1
Q

Unicellular organisms

A

Carry out all functions of life

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2
Q

Cells

A

Small to maintain high SA to ratio for efficiency transferring materials in and out.

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3
Q

Function of SA is rate of

A

Rate of exchange of materials and energy

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4
Q

Function of volume is a rate of

A

Heat production, waste production, resource consumption

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5
Q

Prokaryotes

A

Smallest known cell

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6
Q

2 groups of prokaryotes

A

Bacteria and archaea

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7
Q

What does bacteria and archaea differ

A

Differ in aa to initiate protein synthesis

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8
Q

Characteristics of prokaryotes

A

Have cell wall surrounding plasma membrane
Have flagella and pili
Cytoplasm with 70s ribosome
Circular DNA in nucleoid region
Can have plasmids
Divide by binary fission

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9
Q

Plasmids

A

Not like nucleus, floats

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10
Q

Nucleoid

A

Naked DNA with instructions for proteins
Little or no protein support DNA

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11
Q

Histones

A

Protein in nucleoid

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12
Q

Are DNA in prokaryotes lengthy

A

No

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13
Q

Mesosome

A

Pocket of cell surface membrane
Makes cell wall
Cellular respiration and movement of DNA

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14
Q

Eukaryote

A

Can be multicellular or unicellular

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15
Q

Nucleus

A

Contain DNA with proteins which has instructions for proteins

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16
Q

Nuclear envelope

A

Double membrane with pores that allow flow of material in and out nucleus

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17
Q

Endonembrane system ER, Golgi vesicles

A

Organelles where lipids and new polypeptides chains are modified into final proteins

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18
Q

Lysosome

A

Type of vesicles that buds from the golgi membrane
Organelle of intercellular digestion

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19
Q

Peoxieones

A

Sac of enzymes that break down fatty acids, alcohol, amino acids

20
Q

Mitochondria and chloroplast

A

Double layered membranes and they contain their own DNA
Mitochondria: synthesis ATP

21
Q

Central vacuole

A

Fluid filled storage sac with amino acid, sugar, ion, water, toxic waste
Large in plants, small in animals

22
Q

Is central vacuole always small in animals?

A

Usually small, not always

23
Q

Microtubule

A

Cell shape motion, growth, and structure of cillia and flagella

24
Q

Mircofilament

A

Cell shape and movement at surface

25
Q

Cell wall

A

Provide structure and support of plants and fungi

26
Q

Cellulose (cell wall)

A

Fibre

27
Q

Hemi cellulose (cell wall)

A

Collective parts in the cell wall (like glue)

28
Q

Cilia

A

Motive structures projecting from surface of cell

29
Q

Flagella

A

Same functions as cilia but not as profuse, used for cell movement

30
Q

Pili

A

Attach to the surface

31
Q

Pseudopods

A

Temporary lobes that bulge from cell

32
Q

Emergent properties

A

Individual components come together to create distinct, collective and interactive functions
Do not and cannot manifest themselves unless an organism is looked at in its entirety
Whole is greater than sum of parts

33
Q

Cell membrane

A

Made of phospholipid bilayer, glycolipid, sterol and proteins

34
Q

Amphipathic

A

Hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail

35
Q

Hydrophilic head

A

Polar (likes water)

36
Q

Hydrophobic tail

A

Non polar (hate water)

37
Q

Phospholipid bilayer

A

Fluid quality of membranes is due to kinks in the hydrophobic tails that prevent tight packing of adjacent molecules. Can move sideways to seal
Hydrophobic groups do not want to expose to water environments and will therefore naturally form environment

38
Q

Cholesterols

A

Stereo in animal cell, wedged between the phospholipid to restrain movement of the phospholipid and permeability to some solutes

39
Q

Protein

A

Can move along cell membrane but not very well since they are large
May be attached to the cytoskeleton (support)

40
Q

Integral

A

Embbeded proteins, partially or spanning he membrane, usually transport

41
Q

Extrinsic or peripheral

A

On membrane surface or just inside membrane (phosphate end of phospholipid)

42
Q

Transport

A

Allow water soluble materials through passive transport, channel proteins

43
Q

Pumps

A

Active transport of molecules

44
Q

Receptor

A

Bind extra cellular substance to trigger changes in cell activities
Hormone binding sites

45
Q

Recognition

A

Found in cell surface, contain oligasacchoride chains and glycoproteins to identify a cell
Recognize foreign cells to fight it

46
Q

Electron transport

A

Pass electrons from carrier to carrier

47
Q

Enzymes

A

Catalyse chemical reactions along the membrane (ATP synthesis)

Bio20 (10 decks)

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