Health & Well-Being Flashcards
Why may young people take up drinking?
Packaging - bright & innocent
Home environment - alcoholism in family
Advertising - memorable & good ads
Price - alcohol is cheap
Availability - supermarkets, off-licence
Culture drinking - binge drinking, 12th July, Paddy’s day, sports teams
PHAPAC
What are the short term effects of alcohol?
Impaired judgement
Decreased co-ordination
Unconsciousness
Headaches
Coma
Blackouts
Distorted vision & speaking
Slurred speech
Drowsiness
Breathing difficulties
Anaemia
Vomiting
Upset stomach
Diarrhoea
What are the long term effects of alcohol?
Permanent damage to brain
Nerve damage
Emotional health issues
Cancer of mouth & throat
High blood pressure, stroke & other related diseases
Alcohol poisoning
Liver disease
Ulcers
Gastritis
Malnutrition
Impotence
Fertility issues
How is work/school performance affected by alcohol?
Increased hangovers - due to hangovers or binge drinking days
Accidents - higher risk of accidents happening if alcohol consumed
Reduced productivity - other students/colleagues may become hostile
Disciplinary action - leaves person with reduced income
How are family relationships affected by alcohol?
Drinking can impair how person performs as parent
Increase in arguments, accidents & violence in home
Children can suffer from Foetal Alcohol System if mother drinks whilst pregnant
Can lead to child abuse impacting child’s social development
Emotional health problems for other members of family, e.g. fear, anxiety & depression
Financial cost to while family
DICCEF
How is economic costs affected by alcohol?
Cost to Public Health Service - alcohol related accidents, treatment plans long-term
Policing costs - binge drinking & alcohol related disturbances
Money could be better spent - other department, e.g. education
Why might young people take up smoking?
Rebellion
To fit in
Enjoy it
Experimentation
To look cool
To appear more mature
Curiosity
To control weight
To deal with stress
Media influence
What are some effects of smoking on the body?
Cataracts
Gum disease
Hair loss
Yellow teeth
Sickness
Oral & lung cancer
Pneumonia
Heart attack
Breathing problems
Twice as likely to have stroke
Osteoporosis
Children more likely to develop asthma & lung disease
KILLS 5 MILL PER YEAR
What are the impacts of smoking on work productivity?
Smoke breaks
Increased sick days
What are the impacts of smoking on personal hygiene?
Bad breath
Body odour - no attention from opposite sex
What are the impacts of smoking on social isolation?
Going outside to smoke - isolated from friends
What are the impacts of smoking on economic costs?
Personal financial strain
Cost to tax payers
NHS
What is a drug?
A medicine or other substance which alters someone’s psychological state when ingested or otherwise introduced into body
What do stimulants do? What are the effects of stimulants? Examples?
Speed up messages between brain & body
Euphoria
Increased heart rate & blood pressure
Increased alertness
Talkativeness
Caffeine
Ritalin
Cocaine
Crystal meth
What do depressants do? What are the effects of depressants? Examples?
Can induce sleep, relieve anxiety & muscle spasms & prevent seizure
Affects concentration
Slows CNS
Lowers blood pressure
Alcohol
Diazepam
Antipsychotics
Beta Blockers
Cannabis
Solvents
Glue
What do hallucinogens do? What are the effects of hallucinogens? Examples?
Alters person’s awareness of their thoughts, feelings & surroundings
Feel changes in sight, sound, taste & touch
Detached from reality & own body
Tramadol
Psychiatric Drugs
LSD
Psilocybin (shrooms)
Ketamine
What do opiates do? What are the effects of opiates? Examples?
Pain -relieving drug - block pain messages sent from the body through the spinal cord to the brain
Sedation
Constipation
Morphine
Heroin
Why do young people experiment with drugs?
Escapism
Fun
Self medication
Peer pressure
Confidence
Lessen inhibitions
Relieve boredom
Relieve stress
What is the definition of anxiety?
When person feels uneasy & has worries or fears
What are causes of anxiety?
Childhood experiences
Personality
Effect of drug use
Stress at work/school
Financial pressures
Emotional trauma
Serious medical illness
Side effect medical illness
Side effect of medicine
What are the physical consequences of anxiety?
Nausea
Tense muscles & headaches
Pins & needles
Faster breathing
Irregular heartbeat
Difficulty sleeping
Churning in stomach
What are the mental consequences of anxiety?
Feeling tense
Nervous/on edge
Having sense of dread
Feeling mind is really busy with thoughts
Dwelling on negative experiences
Feeling numb
Feeling like world speeding up/slowing down
Feeling restless
How can someone dealing with anxiety attempt to get themselves through the emotion?
Talk to someone
Breathing difficulties
Shifting focus
Thinking positively
Keeping record of events
Complementary therapies
Join support group
If symptoms continue to deteriorate, go to GP & get referral for:
Talking therapies
CBT
Medication
What is the definition of stress? Examples?
The feeling of being under too much emotional/mental pressure
Person’s nervous system responds by releasing flood of stress hormones including adrenaline & cortisol
Exams
New school
Financial worries
How could a person deal with stress?
Identify stress triggers & try to avoid them
Plan out time, stick to schedule & avoid distractions
Directly address cause of stress
Accept things can’t be changed
Seek out complementary therapy
Talk to GP
What is the definition of depression? Symptoms?
Mood disorder characterised by low mood & wide range of other possible symptoms
Sadness & feeling weepy
Numbness, tiredness & loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities
Loss of appetite & comfort eating
Irritability & aggression
Feeling they can’t cope
Asking themselves what the point of living is (suicide)
What are the causes of depression?
Family history
Alcohol & drugs
Money worries
Bereavement
Limited work/life balance
Illness
Loneliness
Redundancy
Relationship breakdown
Abuse
Giving birth
What are the physical consequences of depression?
Chronic fatigue
Physical aches & pains with no apparent source
Increase susceptibility to disease
How can you deal with depression?
Staying in touch with family & friends
Be active
Face your fears
Avoid alcohol
Eat healthy nutritious diet
Have routine
What treatments plans can a GP set out?
Talking therapy (CBT)
Anti-depressants
Self help
Helplines (Samaritans & MIND)
What is an addiction?
When person doesn’t have control over doing, taking or using something to point where it could be harmful
E.g. smoking, alcohol, drugs
What are the steps of recovering from an addiction?
- Admit there’s a problem
- Tell friends about decision to stop
- Ask friends/family to be available when needed
- Only attend events with no chance of relapse
- Have plan about what top do in face of temptation
Which professionals can people seek help from when addicted?
Pharmacies have support services for trying to give up smoking
GP referral to specialists (rehab centres)
Organisations which specialists in helping addicted
Drug & alcohol support teams (AA&NA)
