Health & Well-Being

Question 1

Why may young people take up drinking?

Answer 1

Packaging - bright & innocent
Home environment - alcoholism in family
Advertising - memorable & good ads
Price - alcohol is cheap
Availability - supermarkets, off-licence
Culture drinking - binge drinking, 12th July, Paddy’s day, sports teams

PHAPAC

Question 2

What are the short term effects of alcohol?

Answer 2

Impaired judgement
Decreased co-ordination
Unconsciousness
Headaches
Coma
Blackouts
Distorted vision & speaking
Slurred speech
Drowsiness
Breathing difficulties
Anaemia
Vomiting
Upset stomach
Diarrhoea

Question 3

What are the long term effects of alcohol?

Answer 3

Permanent damage to brain
Nerve damage
Emotional health issues
Cancer of mouth & throat
High blood pressure, stroke & other related diseases
Alcohol poisoning
Liver disease
Ulcers
Gastritis
Malnutrition
Impotence
Fertility issues

Question 4

How is work/school performance affected by alcohol?

Answer 4

Increased hangovers - due to hangovers or binge drinking days
Accidents - higher risk of accidents happening if alcohol consumed
Reduced productivity - other students/colleagues may become hostile
Disciplinary action - leaves person with reduced income

Question 5

How are family relationships affected by alcohol?

Answer 5

Drinking can impair how person performs as parent
Increase in arguments, accidents & violence in home
Children can suffer from Foetal Alcohol System if mother drinks whilst pregnant
Can lead to child abuse impacting child’s social development
Emotional health problems for other members of family, e.g. fear, anxiety & depression
Financial cost to while family

DICCEF

Question 6

How is economic costs affected by alcohol?

Answer 6

Cost to Public Health Service - alcohol related accidents, treatment plans long-term
Policing costs - binge drinking & alcohol related disturbances
Money could be better spent - other department, e.g. education

Question 7

Why might young people take up smoking?

Answer 7

Rebellion
To fit in
Enjoy it
Experimentation
To look cool
To appear more mature
Curiosity
To control weight
To deal with stress
Media influence

Question 8

What are some effects of smoking on the body?

Answer 8

Cataracts
Gum disease
Hair loss
Yellow teeth
Sickness
Oral & lung cancer
Pneumonia
Heart attack
Breathing problems
Twice as likely to have stroke
Osteoporosis
Children more likely to develop asthma & lung disease
KILLS 5 MILL PER YEAR

Question 9

What are the impacts of smoking on work productivity?

Answer 9

Smoke breaks
Increased sick days

Question 10

What are the impacts of smoking on personal hygiene?

Answer 10

Bad breath
Body odour - no attention from opposite sex

Question 11

What are the impacts of smoking on social isolation?

Answer 11

Going outside to smoke - isolated from friends

Question 12

What are the impacts of smoking on economic costs?

Answer 12

Personal financial strain
Cost to tax payers
NHS

Question 13

What is a drug?

Answer 13

A medicine or other substance which alters someone’s psychological state when ingested or otherwise introduced into body

Question 14

What do stimulants do? What are the effects of stimulants? Examples?

Answer 14

Speed up messages between brain & body

Euphoria
Increased heart rate & blood pressure
Increased alertness
Talkativeness

Caffeine
Ritalin
Cocaine
Crystal meth

Question 15

What do depressants do? What are the effects of depressants? Examples?

Answer 15

Can induce sleep, relieve anxiety & muscle spasms & prevent seizure

Affects concentration
Slows CNS
Lowers blood pressure

Alcohol
Diazepam
Antipsychotics
Beta Blockers
Cannabis
Solvents
Glue

Question 16

What do hallucinogens do? What are the effects of hallucinogens? Examples?

Answer 16

Alters person’s awareness of their thoughts, feelings & surroundings

Feel changes in sight, sound, taste & touch
Detached from reality & own body

Tramadol
Psychiatric Drugs
LSD
Psilocybin (shrooms)
Ketamine

Question 17

What do opiates do? What are the effects of opiates? Examples?

Answer 17

Pain -relieving drug - block pain messages sent from the body through the spinal cord to the brain

Sedation
Constipation

Morphine
Heroin

Question 18

Why do young people experiment with drugs?

Answer 18

Escapism
Fun
Self medication
Peer pressure
Confidence
Lessen inhibitions
Relieve boredom
Relieve stress

Question 19

What is the definition of anxiety?

Answer 19

When person feels uneasy & has worries or fears

Question 20

What are causes of anxiety?

Answer 20

Childhood experiences
Personality
Effect of drug use
Stress at work/school
Financial pressures
Emotional trauma
Serious medical illness
Side effect medical illness
Side effect of medicine

Question 21

What are the physical consequences of anxiety?

Answer 21

Nausea
Tense muscles & headaches
Pins & needles
Faster breathing
Irregular heartbeat
Difficulty sleeping
Churning in stomach

Question 22

What are the mental consequences of anxiety?

Answer 22

Feeling tense
Nervous/on edge
Having sense of dread
Feeling mind is really busy with thoughts
Dwelling on negative experiences
Feeling numb
Feeling like world speeding up/slowing down
Feeling restless

Question 23

How can someone dealing with anxiety attempt to get themselves through the emotion?

Answer 23

Talk to someone
Breathing difficulties
Shifting focus
Thinking positively
Keeping record of events
Complementary therapies
Join support group

If symptoms continue to deteriorate, go to GP & get referral for:
Talking therapies
CBT
Medication

Question 24

What is the definition of stress? Examples?

Answer 24

The feeling of being under too much emotional/mental pressure
Person’s nervous system responds by releasing flood of stress hormones including adrenaline & cortisol

Exams
New school
Financial worries

Question 25

How could a person deal with stress?

Answer 25

Identify stress triggers & try to avoid them
Plan out time, stick to schedule & avoid distractions
Directly address cause of stress
Accept things can’t be changed
Seek out complementary therapy
Talk to GP

Question 26

What is the definition of depression? Symptoms?

Answer 26

Mood disorder characterised by low mood & wide range of other possible symptoms

Sadness & feeling weepy
Numbness, tiredness & loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities
Loss of appetite & comfort eating
Irritability & aggression
Feeling they can’t cope
Asking themselves what the point of living is (suicide)

Question 27

What are the causes of depression?

Answer 27

Family history
Alcohol & drugs
Money worries
Bereavement
Limited work/life balance
Illness
Loneliness
Redundancy
Relationship breakdown
Abuse
Giving birth

Question 28

What are the physical consequences of depression?

Answer 28

Chronic fatigue
Physical aches & pains with no apparent source
Increase susceptibility to disease

Question 29

How can you deal with depression?

Answer 29

Staying in touch with family & friends
Be active
Face your fears
Avoid alcohol
Eat healthy nutritious diet
Have routine

Question 30

What treatments plans can a GP set out?

Answer 30

Talking therapy (CBT)
Anti-depressants
Self help
Helplines (Samaritans & MIND)

Question 31

What is an addiction?

Answer 31

When person doesn’t have control over doing, taking or using something to point where it could be harmful
E.g. smoking, alcohol, drugs

Question 32

What are the steps of recovering from an addiction?

Answer 32

1. Admit there’s a problem
2. Tell friends about decision to stop
3. Ask friends/family to be available when needed
4. Only attend events with no chance of relapse
5. Have plan about what top do in face of temptation

Question 33

Which professionals can people seek help from when addicted?

Answer 33

Pharmacies have support services for trying to give up smoking
GP referral to specialists (rehab centres)
Organisations which specialists in helping addicted
Drug & alcohol support teams (AA&NA)