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Peds Exam 1 > Health Promotions of Preschoolers > Flashcards

Health Promotions of Preschoolers Flashcards

1
Q

Physical Development

A
  • Slow physical growth
    > limbs grow fastest
  • Avg heigh incrs 2.5-3.5 in/yr
  • Avg weight gain remains 3-5lbs/yr
  • No longer pot-bellied toddler
  • Slender, sturdy, more agile
  • Body systems mature & stabilize, can adjust to moderate stress & change
  • Still napping
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2
Q

Fine & Gross Motor Skills - 3yrs

A
  • Rides a tricycle
  • Jumps off bottom step
  • Stands on one foot for a few seconds
  • Builds a 9-10 block tower
  • Copy a circle & a cross
  • Use a fork well
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3
Q

Fine & Gross Motor Skills - 4yrs

A
  • Skips & hops on one foot
  • Throws ball overhead
  • Catches ball reliably
  • Copy a square
  • Use scissors to cut out a picture following an outline
  • Draw a person or stick figure w/ 3-4 parts
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4
Q

Fine & Gross Motor Skills - 5yrs

A
  • Jumps rope
  • Walks backwards
  • Throws & catches ball well
  • Can write simple letters/numbers such as their name
  • Ties show laces
  • Draws a person or stick figure w/ 7+ parts
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5
Q

Preoperational Phase

A
  • 2-7yrs
  • Preconceptual Phase: 2-4yrs
  • Intuitive Thought Phase: 4-7yrs
  • Shifting from egocentric thought to social awareness
  • Ability to consider others viewpoints
  • Concept of causality begins to develop
    > very basic cause & effect
  • Concept of time in incompletely understoof
  • “magical thinking” is used frequently
  • Animism
  • Centration
  • Fears
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6
Q

Psychosocial Development

A
  • Initiative v. Guilt
  • Feelings of guilt, anxiety, and fear; may result from thoughts tht differ from expected behavior
  • Development of superego (conscience)
    > moral development
  • Learning right from wrong/moral development
  • Simple reasoning
  • Play is interactive
    > associative
  • Delayed gratification
    > more disciplined; can wait longer periods; more successful adult
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7
Q

Social Development

A
  • Stranger anxiety & fear of separation from parents are overcome
  • Parental security & guidance are still needed
  • Security is derived from familiar objects
  • Play therapy is beneficial for working through fears, anxieties, and fantasies
  • Ritualism & negativism of toddlerhood diminish
    > understand we don’t need the same routine everyday
  • Child is willing to please
  • Child has internalized values & standards of family & culture
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8
Q

Body Image

A
  • Incring comprehension of “desirable” appearances
  • Aware of racial identity, differences in appearances, & biases
  • Begin having concerns abt modesty
  • Poorly defined body boundaries
    > children fear tht if skin is “broken” all blood & “insides” can leak out
    > intrusive experiences are frightening
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9
Q

Language Development

A
  • Language becomes more sophisticated
  • Vocab incrs dramatically btwn 2-5yrs
  • “Chatter box”: speaks 11,000 words
    > 3-4 word sentences by 3yrs
    > 5-6 word sentences by 5yrs
  • May speak more words w/out completely grasping the meaning
    > nonverbal behavior is still indicative of their feelings
  • Speech problems evident
    > hearing tested 1st
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10
Q

Age-Related Activities

A
  • Associative play
  • Imaginative play
  • Dramatic play
  • paint
  • puzzles
  • riding bikes
  • playing ball
  • reading books
  • playing dress-up
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11
Q

Health Promotion

nutrition & dental

A
  • Nutrition
    > more social
    > 1200-1400cals/day
    > usually outgrow pickiness by 5
  • Dental Health
    > able to brush own teeth w/ assistance
    > dental appts every 6 months
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12
Q

Sleep & Activity

A
  • Sleep
    > 12hrs/night
    > infrequent naps
    > waking during night common
  • Activity
    > motor activity lvls remain high
    > emphasis on fun & safety
    > readiness to participate in sports
    > sedentary activity such as TV & computer time should be limited
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13
Q

Fears

A
  • Dark
  • Being left alone
  • Animals/big animals
  • Ghosts
  • Objects or ppl associated w/ pain
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14
Q

Immunizations

A
  • Annual flu vaccine
  • Kindergarten vaccines btwn 4-6yrs
    > DTaP
    > MMR
    > Varicella
    > IPV
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15
Q

Injury Prevention

A
  • Incr in pedestrian-motor vehicle accidents
  • Education concerning safety & potential hazards
  • Appropriate protection
  • Bicycle helmets
  • Protective equipment
  • Childcare focus shifts from protection to education
  • Verbal explanations of how to avoid danger
  • Children begin questioning previous teachings of parents
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Peds Exam 1 (9 decks)

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