Health Promotion of Infants Flashcards
1
Q
Physical Development - Head & Trunk
A
- Grow the fastest
- By 1yr: birth length incrs 50%
- Head incrs 33% in 1st yr
2
Q
Physical Development - Cranial Sutures
A
- Posterior Fontanel: closes at 6-8 wks
- Anterior Fontanel: closes by 12-18 months
3
Q
Physical Development - Weight
A
-
Doubling of birth weight by 6 months
> infants gain 5-6oz/wkly in 1st months - Tripling of birth weight by 1yr old
4
Q
Physical Development - Fontanel Complications
looking at fontanel
A
- Sucken Fontanel: at risk for dehydration
- Swollen Fontanel: incrd ICP
5
Q
Maturation of Systems
CNS, resp, cardiac
A
- CNS: slow myelinization to gain control; over a couple yrs
- Respiratory: fast RR in newborns, nose to lungs very short, small nasal passages
- Cardiac: fast HR, small heart, murmurs common in newborns
6
Q
Maturation of Systems
GI, kidneys, immunity
A
- GI: not fully func until 4-6mnths; wait until solids then, newborns need to eat every few hrs
- Kidneys: can’t uptake water, hydration comes from food/breast milk/formula
- Immunity: comes from mom & vaccines
7
Q
Maturation of Systems
vision, hearing, thermoregulation
A
- Vision: very poor, need contrast
- Hearing: fully mature at birth
- Thermoregulation: not good for first couple mnths, burn “brown fat” for temp regulation
8
Q
Gross Motor Skills
1-4mnths
A
- 1 Month: demonstrates head lag
- 2 Months: lifts head off mattress when prone
- 3 Months: raises head & shoulders off mattress when prone, only slightly head lag
- 4 Months: rolls from back to side
9
Q
Fine Motor Skills
1-4months
A
- 1 Month: has strong grasp reflex
- 2 Months: holds hands in an open position, grasp reflex fading
- 3 Months: no longer has a grasp relfex, keeps hands loosely open
- 4 Months: grasps objects w/ both hands
10
Q
Gross Motor Skills
5-8months
A
- 5 Months: rolls from front to back
- 6 Months: rolls from back to front
- 7 Months: bears full weight on feet, sits leaning forward on both hands
- 8 Months: sits unsupported
11
Q
Fine Motor Skills
5-8months
A
- 5 Months: uses palmar grasp dominantly
- 6 Months: holds bottle
- 7 Months: moves objects from hand to hand
- 8 Months: begins using pincer grasp
12
Q
Gross Motor Skills
9-12months
A
- 9 Months: pulls to a standing position, creeps on hands & knees
- 10 Months: changes from a prone to a sitting position
- 11 Months: cruises or walks while holding onto something
- 12 Months: sits down from a standing position w/out assistance, walks w/ one hand held
13
Q
Fine Motor Skills
9-12 months
A
- 9 Months: has a crude pincer grasp, dominant hand preference evident
- 10 Months: grasps rattle by its handle
- 11 Months: places objects into a container, neat pincer grasp
- 12 Months: tries to build a two-block tower w/out success, can turn pages in a book
14
Q
Sensorimotor Phase
0-24 months
A
-
Reflexive Stage: based on reflexes
> sucking, rooting, grasping, crying -
Primary Circular Reactions Stage: grab w/ intention, won’t shake it yet
> simple repetition; coordinating movements
> reflexive behavior is replaced w/ voluntary acts -
Secondary Circular Reaction Stage: begin to manipulate
> imitation of familiar behaviors
> separation from envir’t -
Coordication of Secondary Schemas
> intentional, goal-directed behavior
> object permanence
15
Q
Trust v. Mistrust
erikson - psychosocial
A
-
Infants trust tht their comfort needs will be met; wait for hunger ques
> feeding, comfort, tactile stimulation -
Mistrust
> occurs when gratification of needs is delayed
> can occur from too much or too little frustration (control of envir’t) -
Task: attachment to primary caregiver
> successful: trust! faith/hope in envir’t & future
> unsuccessful: difficulties r/t ppl effectively, suspicion, fear of future
Children who learn to trust caregivers in infancy will be more likely to form trusting relationships w/ others throughout course of their lives
