Health Promotion of School Age

Question 1

Physical Development

Answer 1

• Slow growth
• Limbs grow fastest
• Skeletal lengthening & fat diminution
• Incrd muscle tissue
• Dcr in head circumference r/t height
• Change in facial proportions
• Age of “loose teeth”
• Focus on making friends & brain growth

Question 2

Physical Development - Height

Answer 2

• Incrs by 2 inches/yr
• Total height 1-2 feet

Question 3

Phsycial Development - Weight

Answer 3

• Incrs by 2-3kg/yr
• Weight almost doubles
• Key consideration: becomes body conscious

Question 4

Maturation of Systems

Answer 4

• Bones continue to ossify
• GI: fewer stomach upsets, better maintenance of blood glucose
• Heart & Respiratory rate dcr, BP incrs
• Enuresis: daytime accidents
• Nocturia: bed wetting
• Immune system is incringly effective
  > large tonsils: too large = removal, esp. if snoring; blocking airway
• Eustachian tubes
• Prepubescence
  > usually begins around 9yrs
  > rapid growth in height & weight
  > tanner staging helps us predict timing of puberty (prevent any spine curvatures before puberty)
• Physical matuirty does not = emotional & social maturity

Question 5

Cognitive Development

Answer 5

• Concrete Operations
• Uses thought processes to experience events & actions
• Develops understanding of relationships btwn things & ideas
• Able to make judgments on basis of reason (“conceptual thinking”)
• Masters the concept of conservation
• Develops classification skills
• Major developmental tasks include achievement in school & acceptance by peers

Question 6

Psychosocial Development

Answer 6

• Industry v. Inferiority
  > developing social, physical, & learning skills
  > unsuccessful = sense of inferiority, difficulty learning & working
  > need to have failures to understand how to lose
• Achieve a sense of acccomplishment through cooperating & competing w/ others
  > stage of accomplishment
  > eagerness to develop skills & participate in meaningful & socially useful work
  > growing sense of independence
  > peer approval: a strong motivator
  > start to separate from their parents aroud 3rd grade
  > normal to have fears
  > want real accomplishments, not participation trophies

Question 7

Social Development

Answer 7

• Peer group starts becoming more & more important
• Identification w/ peers is a strong influence in achieving independence
• Sex roles are strongly influenced by peer relationships
  > begin to hang out w/ ppl of same gender
• Clubs & Peer groups
  > formation of formalized groups
  > bullying
• Relationships w/ families
  > parents are primary influence in shaping child’s personality, behavior, & value system
  > incring independence from parents is primary goal of middle childhood

Question 8

Self-Concept

Answer 8

• Children develop conscious awareness of a variety of self-perceptions (abilities, values, appearance)
  > how the face looks, less abt the whole body
• Significant adults can help children experience success
• Positive self-concept leads to feelings of self-respect, self-confidence, & happiness

Question 9

Body Image

Answer 9

• In general, children like their physical selves less as they grow older
• The head is more important part of the body (hair & eye color)
• Body image is influenced by significant others
• Incrd awareness of “differences” may influence feelings of inferiority
  > hearing or visual defects

Question 10

Age-Related Activities

Answer 10

• Cooperative Play
• Rules & rituals
• Play becoms more competitive
• Team play: peer interaction & rules tht are often enforced by an authority figure
• Quiet games & activities
• Magical thinking dcrs
  > cause & effect incring
• Memory skills & attention span incrs
• Play is a great way to communicate to kids

Question 11

Health Promotion

Answer 11

• Proper nutrition
• Sleep & rest
  > no naps
• Exercise
• Dental hygiene
• Sex education
  > around 3rd/4th grade

Question 12

Immunizations

Answer 12

• Annual flu vaccine
• 11-12yrs
  > Tdap (tetanus, diptheria, pertussis)
  > HPV (human papilloma virus) 2-3 dose series, males & females
  > Meningococcal (additional dose at 16-18yrs prior ro college or communal living)

Question 13

Injury Prevention

Answer 13

• Most common cause of severe injury & death in school-age children is MVC & guns
• Bicycle injuries: benefits of bike helmets
• Appropriate safet equipment for all sports
• Parents need to adjust to child’s incring independence
• Parents provide support as unobtrusively as possible
• Child moves from narrow family relationships to broader world of relationships