Health Promotions of Adolescents Flashcards
1
Q
Physical Development
A
- Rapid physical, cognitive, social, & emotional maturation
- Adolescent growth spurt
> 20-25% of total height is achieved during puberty - Trunk growth
- Size & strength of heart, blood volume, & systolic BP incr
- HR dcrs
- Adult vol & vital capacity incr
- Performance capabilities incr
2
Q
Cognitive Development
A
- Formal Operations Period (Piaget)
-
Abstract thinking
> thinking beyond present
> hypothetical situations
> able to evaluate quality of own thinking
> longer attention spans
> mental manipulation of multiple variables
> concern abt others’ thoughts & needs - “What do I want to be as an adult?”
3
Q
Psychosocial Development
A
- Identity vs. Role Confusion (Erikson)
-
Developing a sense of identity
> group identity (vs. alienation) - middle school
> individual identity (vs. role diffusion) - high school
> development of self-concept & body image
4
Q
Social Development
A
-
Goal: to identify identity independently from parental authority
> much ambivalence
> intense sociability; intense loneliness
> acceptance by peers - Relationships w/ parents
> roles change from protection/dependency to mutual affection/equality
> process involved turmoil & ambiguity
> teenager struggles btwn privileges & responsibilities
> emancipation from parents may begin w/ rejection of parents by teens
5
Q
Reproductive Development
what is the goal of puberty
A
-
Primary sex characteristics
> external & internal organs necessary for reproduction -
Secondary sex characteristics
> result of hormonal changes; voice, hair growth, breast enlargement, fat deposits
> play no direct role in reproduction
6
Q
Prepubescence
A
Period of approx. 2yrs before onset of puberty; preliminary physical changes occur
7
Q
Puberty
A
Development of secondary sex characteristics
8
Q
Postpubescence
A
- Period of 1-2yrs after puberty
- Skeletal growth is complete
- Reproductive funcs become well established
9
Q
Reproductive Development - Girls
A
-
Thelarche: appearance of breast buds
> 9-13yrs -
Adrenarche: growth of pubic hair on mons pubis
> 2-6 months after thelarche - Menarche initial appearance of menstraution 2 yrs after first pubescent changes
10
Q
Reproductive Development - Boys
A
-
First Pubescent Changes: testicular enlargement; thinning, reddning, & incr looseness of scrotum
> 9.5-14yrs - Penile enlargement, pubic hair growth, facial hair growth, voice changes
- Temporary gynecomastia in 1/3 of boys
> usually disappears w/in 2yrs
11
Q
Body Image & Self-Concept
A
- Feelings of confusion are common in early adolescence
- Teenager are acutely aware of appearance, compare appearance w/ those of others
- Teens may try to hide their bodies or advertise them
- Blemishes/defecrs are magnified out of proportion
- The right clothes & hairstyle are very importnat
- Poor vs Rich
12
Q
Health Promotion & Screenings
A
- Sleep
- Activity
- Scoliosis
- Sex education
- Personal care
- Vision, hearing
- Posture
- Body art
- Tanning
- Dental hlth
- School & learning problems
- Substance abuse
- Tobacco use
- Stress reduction
- Anxiety
- Depression
- Suicide
13
Q
Immunizations
A
- Annual flu vaccine
- Meningococcal
> additional dose prior to college or communal living
14
Q
Nutrition
A
- Rapid & extensive incr in height, weight, muscle mass, & sexual maturity of adolescence is accompanied by incr nutritional requirements
- Caloric & protein requirements are higher than at almost any other time
- Prioritize teaching of eating habits & behaviors
> monitor for eating & snacking habits
> independent food choices
> obesity
> anorexia
> bulimia
> binge-eating
15
Q
Injury Prevention
A
- Invincible
- Prefrontal cortex
- Motor vehicle & guns; related injuries #1 cause of mortality
> educate! (texting, drinking, seatbelt, passengers) - Firearms
- Sports injuries
- Injury prevention
> anticipatory guidance
