Health Promotion Of The Young Child: Toddlers & Preschoolers

Question 1

Toddlers age

Answer 1

12-36 months

Question 2

Neuro: myelination of spine is what?
75% completed brain growth by when

Answer 2

Myelination is complete

Brain growth by 24 months

Question 3

As you get older your HR, BP, RR do what

Answer 3

HR and RR decrease

BP increases

Question 4

Toddlers stool passage does what (approx how many a day)

Answer 4

Slows to 1 a day

Question 5

Kidneys are able to full filter/concentrate uringe by when?

Voluntary control when

Answer 5

Kidneys full filter by 24 months

Voluntary control by 24 months (youngest age to try potty train)

Question 6

Cognitive development piaget

Stages

Answer 6

Sensorimotor stage until 2

Preoperational stage (2-7)

Question 7

Cognitive development piaget

Sensorimotor stage until 2

Answer 7

Objects permanence fully developed
Exploring environment

Question 8

Cognitive development piaget

Preoperational (2-7)

Answer 8

Can subsitute objects in for play (pots & pans)

Imitate people

Domestic mimicry (playing house)
Play make believe

Animism (belief that objects have life-like qualities)

Can follow basic instructions (1 step at a time)

Question 9

Language development in toddlers

12 months

24 months

30 months

36 months

Answer 9

12 months:
-3-5 words

24 months:
-sentences of 2 or 3 words (me up)

30 months:
-vocabulary of 150-300 words

36 months:
-vocabulary of 1,000 words

Question 10

Psychosocial development of toddler
Autonomy vs shame and doubt

Answer 10

Exertion of independence/autonomy

Dont understand right/wrong

Express likes/dislikes

Favorite word is no (negativism)

Eocentric (unable to see things from others perspective)

Question 11

Temperament of toddlers

Example

What we do

Answer 11

Tantrums
Objection to rules

What we do:
-age appropriate expectations
-routine
-calm and assetive (ignore behavior if safe)
-dont reason with them
-address behavior immediately (dont over focus on negative behaviors)

Question 12

Expected gross motor skills

24 months

36 months

Answer 12

24:
Runs
Kicks ball
Stands on tip toes

36:
Pedals tricycle
Runs easily

Question 13

Toddler nutrition

Weaning bottle by
Use cups with what
Transition to cows milk (how much )
Juice limit

Answer 13

Wean bottle by 12-15 months

Use cups with straws

Transition to cows milk (24-48oz daily)

Juice limited to 4-6oz daily

Question 14

Toddler nutrition

Food jags

Size of food wanted

Avoid which foods for choking hazard

Answer 14

Food jags: stuck on same foods

Small bite-size pieces

Avoid:
Nuts
Grapes
Hotdogs
Peanut butter
Popcorn

Question 15

Sleep and rest in toddlers

How much sleep

Naps eliminated by when

Answer 15

11-12 hrs of sleep

Naps eliminated by 3ish

Question 16

Potty training

Answer 16

Need everyone to support plan

They may be emotionally interested

Physically they may e having dry diapers and going long periods without a wet diaper

Positive reinforcement

Question 17

Injury prevention with toddlers

Answer 17

Guns (put in safe)

Falls

All the normal ones (burns, drowning, falls, aspiration, poisons)

Question 18

Effects of hospitalization (toddlers)

Seperation anxiety peaks when

Answer 18

Seperation anxiety peaks at 18months

Threatens autonomy

Regression, fear

Question 19

Nursing interventions to prevent effects of hospitalization on Toddlers

Answer 19

Acknowledge fears

Honesty

Parent support

Question 20

Preschoolers age

Answer 20

3-6 years

Question 21

Preschoolers cognitive development piaget

Preoperational phase (2-7y/o)

Egocentric to what
Animinis stays or goes?
Magical thinking
Centration
Logical thinking

Answer 21

Goes from egocentric to social awareness (can consider others viewpoints)

Animism continues (lifelike qualities to objects)

Magical thinking (thoughts are powerful and can cause events to happen (bc they thought it this is why their sick)

Centration (hyperfocus on one topic)

Start to understand sequence of daily events based on routine

Logical thinking (can categorize things)

Question 22

Preschooler cognitive development

Answer 22

2000 words by end of 5y/o

Sentences of 3-5 words

Question 23

Psychosocial development (preschoolers)
Intiative vs guilt

Guilt
Guide to attempt what

Answer 23

Guilt when believe they have misbehaved or unable to complete a task
-reinforce no one is perfect

Guide to attempt activites within capabilities

Question 24

Psychosocial development preschoolers

Less what then toddlers

Begin to recognize differences in what

Begin campaing what

Poor understanding of what

Answer 24

Less seperation and stranger anxiety

Begin to recognize difference in appearances

Compar themselves to peers

Poor understanding of anatomy (worried about injury or injectons) Love bandages

Question 25

Motor skill development preschoolers

3 years

5 years

Answer 25

3:
-Copies circles or shape
-Holds a pencil in writing position

5:
-Stands on one foot 10 secs or longer
-Swings and climbs well (more coordinated)
-Prints some letters (tracing)
-Write first name

Question 26

Promoting play preschoolers

Answer 26

Not good at taking turns still

Imaginative

Play dress up

Animism

Invisible friends (normal)

Question 27

Preschoolers nutrition

Answer 27

Limit saturated fats

Limit screen time to 2hrs or less

1 hour of physical activity

Focus on protein, iron, calcium, vit/minerals

Question 28

Preschoolers sleep/rest

How many hours per day

Interventions to help

Answer 28

12 hours per day

Use a night light
Favorite comfort item

Question 29

Preschoolers injury prevention

Answer 29

Pretective equipment (sports)

Gun safety

Stranger safety

Question 30

Effects of hospitalization in preschoolers

Answer 30

Give them as many options to promote autonomy