Health Promotion Of The Young Child: Toddlers & Preschoolers Flashcards
Toddlers age
12-36 months
Neuro: myelination of spine is what?
75% completed brain growth by when
Myelination is complete
Brain growth by 24 months
As you get older your HR, BP, RR do what
HR and RR decrease
BP increases
Toddlers stool passage does what (approx how many a day)
Slows to 1 a day
Kidneys are able to full filter/concentrate uringe by when?
Voluntary control when
Kidneys full filter by 24 months
Voluntary control by 24 months (youngest age to try potty train)
Cognitive development piaget
Stages
Sensorimotor stage until 2
Preoperational stage (2-7)
Cognitive development piaget
Sensorimotor stage until 2
Objects permanence fully developed
Exploring environment
Cognitive development piaget
Preoperational (2-7)
Can subsitute objects in for play (pots & pans)
Imitate people
Domestic mimicry (playing house)
Play make believe
Animism (belief that objects have life-like qualities)
Can follow basic instructions (1 step at a time)
Language development in toddlers
12 months
24 months
30 months
36 months
12 months:
-3-5 words
24 months:
-sentences of 2 or 3 words (me up)
30 months:
-vocabulary of 150-300 words
36 months:
-vocabulary of 1,000 words
Psychosocial development of toddler
Autonomy vs shame and doubt
Exertion of independence/autonomy
Dont understand right/wrong
Express likes/dislikes
Favorite word is no (negativism)
Eocentric (unable to see things from others perspective)
Temperament of toddlers
Example
What we do
Tantrums
Objection to rules
What we do:
-age appropriate expectations
-routine
-calm and assetive (ignore behavior if safe)
-dont reason with them
-address behavior immediately (dont over focus on negative behaviors)
Expected gross motor skills
24 months
36 months
24:
Runs
Kicks ball
Stands on tip toes
36:
Pedals tricycle
Runs easily
Toddler nutrition
Weaning bottle by
Use cups with what
Transition to cows milk (how much )
Juice limit
Wean bottle by 12-15 months
Use cups with straws
Transition to cows milk (24-48oz daily)
Juice limited to 4-6oz daily
Toddler nutrition
Food jags
Size of food wanted
Avoid which foods for choking hazard
Food jags: stuck on same foods
Small bite-size pieces
Avoid:
Nuts
Grapes
Hotdogs
Peanut butter
Popcorn
Sleep and rest in toddlers
How much sleep
Naps eliminated by when
11-12 hrs of sleep
Naps eliminated by 3ish
Potty training
Need everyone to support plan
They may be emotionally interested
Physically they may e having dry diapers and going long periods without a wet diaper
Positive reinforcement
Injury prevention with toddlers
Guns (put in safe)
Falls
All the normal ones (burns, drowning, falls, aspiration, poisons)
Effects of hospitalization (toddlers)
Seperation anxiety peaks when
Seperation anxiety peaks at 18months
Threatens autonomy
Regression, fear
Nursing interventions to prevent effects of hospitalization on Toddlers
Acknowledge fears
Honesty
Parent support
Preschoolers age
3-6 years
Preschoolers cognitive development piaget
Preoperational phase (2-7y/o)
Egocentric to what
Animinis stays or goes?
Magical thinking
Centration
Logical thinking
Goes from egocentric to social awareness (can consider others viewpoints)
Animism continues (lifelike qualities to objects)
Magical thinking (thoughts are powerful and can cause events to happen (bc they thought it this is why their sick)
Centration (hyperfocus on one topic)
Start to understand sequence of daily events based on routine
Logical thinking (can categorize things)
Preschooler cognitive development
2000 words by end of 5y/o
Sentences of 3-5 words
Psychosocial development (preschoolers)
Intiative vs guilt
Guilt
Guide to attempt what
Guilt when believe they have misbehaved or unable to complete a task
-reinforce no one is perfect
Guide to attempt activites within capabilities
Psychosocial development preschoolers
Less what then toddlers
Begin to recognize differences in what
Begin campaing what
Poor understanding of what
Less seperation and stranger anxiety
Begin to recognize difference in appearances
Compar themselves to peers
Poor understanding of anatomy (worried about injury or injectons) Love bandages
Motor skill development preschoolers
3 years
5 years
3:
-Copies circles or shape
-Holds a pencil in writing position
5:
-Stands on one foot 10 secs or longer
-Swings and climbs well (more coordinated)
-Prints some letters (tracing)
-Write first name
Promoting play preschoolers
Not good at taking turns still
Imaginative
Play dress up
Animism
Invisible friends (normal)
Preschoolers nutrition
Limit saturated fats
Limit screen time to 2hrs or less
1 hour of physical activity
Focus on protein, iron, calcium, vit/minerals
Preschoolers sleep/rest
How many hours per day
Interventions to help
12 hours per day
Use a night light
Favorite comfort item
Preschoolers injury prevention
Pretective equipment (sports)
Gun safety
Stranger safety
Effects of hospitalization in preschoolers
Give them as many options to promote autonomy
