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AN305 > Health Promotion Of The Newborn & Infant > Flashcards

Health Promotion Of The Newborn & Infant Flashcards

1
Q

Newborns lose up to what % of birth wt and by what day do they do this?

A

10% of birth wt lost by day 3-4

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2
Q

When do infants gain their birth wt back?

A

10-14th day

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3
Q

When does infants wt double and when does it tripple

A

Double - 6months

Triples - 12 months

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4
Q

Infants gain how many inchs until 6 months

After that they increase ht how

A

1 inch per month until 6 months

Then it is in spurts

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5
Q

How babies head circumference increases

A

2cm/month for 3months

1cm/month for 4-6months

0.5cm/month 6-12months

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6
Q

When fontanels close

A

Anterior: 12-18months

Posterior: 2-3months

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7
Q

What indicates brain growth in an infant

A

Head circumference

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8
Q

We slowly replace what type of reflexes with what

A

Primitive reflexes are replaced slowly with:

Protective and purposeful movements

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9
Q

When primitive reflexes disappear:

Step
Root
Suck
Moro

A

Step: 4-8wks

Root: 3months

Suck: 2-5months

Moro: 4 months

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10
Q

When primitive reflexes go away:

Tonic neck/fencing
Palmar grasp
Plantar grasp
Babinski

A

Tonic neck/fencing: 4 months

Palmar grasp: 4-6 months

Plantar grasp: 9 months

Babinski: 12 months

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11
Q

Protective reflexes and when we get them

A

Neck righting: 4-6 months

Parachute sideways and forward: 6 months
tilt to side and stick out hands to catch self

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12
Q

In 1st year of life infants RR slow to what
Different in peds resp. System

A

From 30-60/min down to 20-30/in

Larger tongues
Funnel shaped larynx
Fewer alveoli

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13
Q

Infants heart does what in the 1st year

HR and BP goes from what to what

A

Heart doubles in size

HR slows from 120-140 down to 100

BP goes from 60/40 to 100/50

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14
Q

When do teeth start to appear

Signs of teething

A

6-10months

Fussy
Slobbery
Low grade fever

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15
Q

Stomach capacity by year 1

A

Goes from 15-30ML at birth to accomadating
3 full meals and snacks

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16
Q

When can infants liver fully conguate bilirubin and secrete bile

A

2 weeks old

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17
Q

Is the glucogenesis immature during 1st year of life?

A

Yes

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18
Q

Infants have more total body water than adults

Puts us at greater risk of what
Is specific gravity low or high

A

Risk of dehydration

Low specific gravity (less concentrated)

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19
Q

Renal function not efficient until glomeruli rach maturity when?

A

2 years old

20
Q

When is maternal iron store depleted

A

6months old

21
Q

Immune system
Passive immunity from mother last how long

Get our own immune system how

A

3-6 months

Get own active immunity due to exposures and immunizarions

22
Q

Sight with new borns

What kind of sight

Prefer what

Strabismus dissapears by when

Get full color vision, distance vision and object tracking by when?

A

Newborns are near sighted prefering human faces

Prefer objects/images with black and white contrast

Stabismus disappears by 3-4 months

Full color-distance and object tracking by 7months

23
Q

Hearing

A

Fully intact at birth

24
Q

Infants can differentiate the smell of mothers breast milk by when

A

7days old
Prefer sweet taste

25
Q

Trust vs mistrust during when

Psychological development

A

Birth to 1 year

26
Q

When do infants develop:

Social smile
Social interaction (laughing)
More interactive with game like pee-a-boo

A

Social smile:
2months

Social interaction (laughing):
3-4months

More interactive with game like pee-a-boo:
6-8months

27
Q

When do these begin:

Seperation anxiety

Stranger anxiety

A

Seperation anxiety: 8months

Stranger anxiety: 6-8months

28
Q

Sensorimotor stage (birth -24months)

A

Go from reflexive behaviors to repetitive and imitative activites

29
Q

Object permanence

When its developed fully

What it is

A

Fully developed by 8 months

If they cant see it then they think its gone

30
Q

1st form of verbal communication

Crying decreases by when

By 4 months we get what

Comprehend “no” by when

Can say 3-5 words by when

A

Crying

Crying decreased by 12 weeks old

4 months we get laughs, squeals, uses vowels, consonants

No comprehended by 9-10months

Can say 3-5 words by 1 year old

31
Q

Gross motor skills

Fine motor skills

A

Gross: cephalocaudal (from head to feet it develops)
Ex: roll, then crawl, then walk

Fine: proximodistal

32
Q

Gross motor skills in infancy

4months
5months
6months
8months
9months
10months

A

4: rolls from prone to supine

5: rolls from supine to prone and back again
Sits with back upright when supported

6: tripod sits

8: sits unsupported

9: crawls, abdomen off floor

10: pulls to stand, cruises

33
Q

Fine motor skills in infancy

5months
7months
10months

A

5: grasps rattle (grab toys and rattle them0

7: transfers object from one hand to the other

10: fine pincer grasp

34
Q

Immunization at birth

A

Hep B

35
Q

Nutrition birth-6months:

Breastfeeding
Supplement w/ breastfeeding
Alt to breastfeeding

A

Breastfeeding is complete nutrition during 1st 6 months

Vit D supplement for breast fed babies prevent deficiency/rickets

Iron-fortified formula alt. To breast milk

36
Q

Nutrition 6months-1year

Reflex that disappears around 4-6 months

Interest in what, voluntary control of what, disappearance of what reflex

A

Tongue thrust reflex disappears around 4-6 months

Interest in solid food
Voluntary control of head and trunk
Disappearance of extrusion reflex

37
Q

New foods being introduces

What is first

New food introduced over how long and how many at a time

Veggies or fruit first

When to introduce meat

A

Iron-fortified rice cereal first

Intoduce new foods over 5-7 days (1at a time)

Veggies before fruit bc they like sweet stuff more

once fruit and veggies added we can have meat

38
Q

Introduce sippy cups/straws when?

Bottle weaning

Which meal is last one weaned (by when)

Cows milk tried when

1st dental visit when

A

Sippy cup: 6-8months

Replace one bottle/breastfeeding with a cut

Bedtime feeding last to wean (by 12-15months)

Cows milk (whole milk) by 12 months

Dental 1st visit by 1year old

39
Q

Foods to avoid in infancy

A

Honey: botulism

Excessive amount of fruit juice (4-6oz per day)
(Water too)

40
Q

Sleep:

When nocturnal sleep pattern established

How much sleep do infants get a day

How many naps do infants take by 12 months

A

Established by 3-4 months

Sleep 14-15hrs a day

1-2 naps by 12 months

41
Q

Injury prevention: infants

(8)

A

Aspiration of foreign objects

Bodily harm (water safety, stairs)

Burns (stove, sunburn(no sunscreen until 6months)

Drowning (tubs)

Falls

Poisioning (lock up meds/cleaning supplies)

MVAs

Suffocation (safe sleep, blinds)

42
Q

AAP recommends rear facing until age what?

A

2 years old

43
Q

Safe sleep

ABCD

One what

No what?

Pacifier
Ceiling fan

Encourage what not what

A

Alone, on back, in crib

One swaddle blanket

No pillows, stuffed animals, or loose blankets

Pacifier: help avoid SIDS

Ceiling fans: circulate CO2

Encourage room sharing not co-sleeping

44
Q

Preventing choking

Toys?
Keep what off floor?
Avoid what foods? (4)

A

Big toys

Small items off floor

Avoid:
Popcorn
Nuts
Grapes
Hot dog pieces

45
Q

Preventing falls

Stairs?
Cribs?
Restraints with what?
AAP no longer supports what?

A

Baby gate for stairs

Low crib with rails up

Restraints: infant seat/changing table

No longer supports walkers (use stationary devices)

46
Q

Effects of hospitalization: infants

NPO
Seperation anxiety/stranger anxiety when

Nursing interventions (4)

A

NPO: fussy/angry

Seperation anxiety/stranger anxiety (8months)

Nursing interventions:
-encourage parent presence
-parental support
-cluster care
-atraumatic care

AN305 (17 decks)

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