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AN305 > Communicable & Infectious Diseases Of Childhood > Flashcards

Communicable & Infectious Diseases Of Childhood Flashcards

1
Q

Active vs passive immunity

A

Active: exposure

Passive: mom (placenta/breastmilk)

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2
Q

Immunizations

Live viruses to not give to pregnant people

A

MMR
Varicella

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3
Q

Most vaccines are IM

What are some SQ and oral

A

SQ: MMR, Varicella

Oral: rotavirus

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4
Q

Immunization contraindications

Dont give live vaccine to who? For how long

A

Allergic reaction or anaphylaxis with previous dose

Severe febrile illness

Do not administer live virus to a child who is:
-Severely immunocompromised
-pregnant
-received tx that provides acquired passive immunity within past 3 months (blood products/transfusion)

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5
Q

Immunization precautions

Reasons we may postpone vaccine

Requires what before giving

A

Moderate or severe illness with or without a fever

Required provider to analyze data and history of pt to determine if benefit outweigh the risks

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6
Q

Administration of immunizations

Obtain what
Provide what
Determine what
5 rights
Atraumatic care
Education pt on what

A

Obtain informed consent (verbal usually)

Provide VIS (vaccine information statement)

Determine if child is eligible for vaccine

Educate pt on side effects vs adverse reactions

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7
Q

Immunizations: expected reactions
SLIMAR

A

Swelling erythema, pain at injection site

Low grade fever

Rash

Malaise

Irritability

Arthralgia (joint pain)

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8
Q

Immunization documentations

A

Barcoding (scan and puts all info needed in)

Date, time
Vaccine given
Manufacturer lot #
Expiration date
Route and site of admin
VIS provided
Any contraindications

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9
Q

Fever in newborn -3months or less

What temp we treat

A

Newborn fevers can cause sepsis, death
(Decreased immune systems)

100.4

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10
Q

Acetaminophen and ibuprofen doses

Other info as well

A

Acetaminophen:
10-15mg/kg/dose
-q4H

Ibuprofen:
4-10mg/kg/dose
-only children 6+ months old

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11
Q

Commonalities of viral infections

DRTVRIFFW

A

Diahrea
Respiratory difficulties
Tachycardia
Vomiting
Rash
Irritability
Fatigue
Fever
Weakness

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12
Q

Conjuntivitis

Can be both what
Most common types

Transmission
Precautions

A

Viral or bacterial
Commonly staph (rather than strep)

Transmission: Direct contact
Precautions: standard

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13
Q

Conjunctivitis

Communicable:
Viral vs bacterial

A

Viral:
-appears secondary to viral infection
-self resolves 7-14 days

Bacterial:
-clears w/ abx

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14
Q

Conjunctivitis expected findings

CPESY

A

Crusting of eyelids

Pink or red sclera

Excessive tearing

Swelling of conjunctiva

Yellow-green purulent drainage

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15
Q

Conjunctivitis nursing management

How to treat bacterial
Interventions
Notify who
Cant use what

A

Abx = bacterial

Cold compress
Hand hygiene

Notify school/daycare

No contact lenses

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16
Q

Varicella: chicken pox

Causual agent
Transmission
Precautions
Communicable (cant return to school till what happened)

A

Causual agent: varicella-zoster

Transmission:
-airborne
-direct contact w/ secretions or contaminated surfaces

Precautions: airborne/contact

Communicable: 1-2 days before lesions appear until all lesions have crusted over (until crusted over you cannot return to school)

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17
Q

Varicella: chicken pox

Clinical manifestations

1-2 days Prior to rash
Rash
When lesions crust

A

1-2 days prior to rash =
-fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, HA

Rash:
-starts on trunk then spread to face and extremities
-macular/papular/clear filled vesicles
-ITCHYYY

Takes 1-3 weeks for all lesions to crust

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18
Q

Varicella: chicken pox

Complications

CMTS

A

Cellulitis
Meningitis/encephalitis
Thrombocytopenia
Lifelong latent infection (shingles)

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19
Q

Varicella: chicken pox nursing management

Meds (4)
Other interventions (4)
Several cases

A

Acetaminophen/ibuprofen
Oral antihistamines
Anti-itch lotion

Oatmeal baths
Short fingernails
Change bed linens often
Watch mental status closely

Acyclovir (in severe cases/immunocompromised)

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20
Q

Hand foot mouth disease (coxsackie virus)

Transmission
Precautions
Communicable

A

Transmission:
-direct contact w/ fecal/oral secrections
-surfaces

Precautions: contact

Communicable: (while have fever)
-2 days before rash (usually when fever starts)
-up to time fever disappears

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21
Q

Hand foot mouth disease (coxsackie virus)

Clinical manifestations
FLF
Complications

A

Fever first

Lesions (rash on hands and feet)

Fatigue

Complications:
-extensive mouth lesions (painful)
-Neonates-severe-sepsis-multiorgan failure

22
Q

Hand foot mouth disease (coxsackie virus)
Nursing management

Meds (2)
Interventions (2)
Is it itchy
Resolves when?

A

Analgesics/antipyretics

Oral fluids and washes
Hand washing and hygiene

Not itchy

Resolves (1 week) quickly

23
Q

Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease)

Causal agent
Transmission
Precautions
Communicable

A

Causal agent: parvovirus B19

Transmission:
-droplet
-contact with blood products
-transplacental transmission (dont be around if preg)

Precautions: Droplet

Communicable :
-no longer contagious once rash appears

24
Q

Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease)

Clinical manifestations

Prodromal (before rash)
Rash

A

Prodromal: before rash: (most contagious)
-flu-like symptoms
-low grade fever
-runny nose
-HA

Rash: 7days-several weeks
-flushed red cheeks (slapped cheeks) (hallmark)
-“lacy” rash on trunk and extremities (itchy)
-pain in joints
-rash reappears with sunlight or irritation for 1-3 wks (scared parents that their getting sick again)

25
Q

Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease)
Complications

A

Self limiting
Arthritis
Arthralgias

Pregnancy: loss of fetus

26
Q

Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease)

Nursing managment

Meds/ interventions

Dont care for pts if?
Stay away from what?

A

Antipyretics
Antipruritics
Oatmeal baths

Do not care for pts if preg

Stay out of sunlight

27
Q

mumps (parotitis)

Causual agent

Transmission

Precautions

Communicable period

A

Causual agent: paramyxovirus

Transmission:
-droplets or contact w/infected droplets

Precautions:
droplet

Communicable period:
1-2 days before swelling to 9 days after onset of parotitis

28
Q

Mumps (parotitis)

Clinical manifestayion

FFPPHEL

A

Unique:
Pain with chewing
Painful sweeling of parotid gland
Earache
Loss of appetite

Common:
Fever
Fatigue
HA

29
Q

Mumps (parotitis)

Complications

HHOOGTMEP

A

Hepatitis
Hearing impaired/loss
Orchitis (inflammation of testicles)
Oophoritis (inflammation of ovaries)
Glomerulonephritis
Thrombocytopenia
Meningitis
Encephalitis
Pancreatitis

30
Q

Mumps (parotitis)

Nursing management

Normal interventions
Unique
Isolation until when

A

Fever and pain managment
Fluids

Icepacks if orchitis present

Isolation until 9 days after unset of parotid swelling

31
Q

Rubella (German measles)

Transmission
Precaution
Communicable period

A

Transmission:
-direct or indirect contact with nasopharyngeal droplets
-blood, stool, urine, transplacental (dont care for pts if preg)

Precaution: Droplet

Communicable period:
-7days before onset of symptoms to 7days after rash appears

32
Q

Rubella (german measles)

Common s/s

Unique ones (what is the 1st sign)
Info on rash

A

Common:
Low grade fever
HA
Malaise

Unique:
Pinkish rash (pinpoint) first sign
-begins on face, neck, scalp and spreads
-rash fades in order in which its presents

Mild pruritis
Joint pain
Lymphadenopathy

33
Q

Rubella (german measles)
Complciations (3)

A

Thrombocytopenia
Encephalitis

Congenital rubella (if preg you can get this)
-developmental delay
-retinopathy
-cardiac anomalies
-deafness
-miscarriage

34
Q

Rubella (german measles)

Nursing management

Meds
Why wouldnt you care for these pts

A

Antipyretics
Antipruritics
Analgesics (joint pain)

If pregnant

35
Q

Rubeola (measles)

Transmission

Precautions

Communicable period:

Its highly what

A

Transmission:
-direct or indirect contact with droplets
-primarily nasopharyngeal secretions
-urine and blood

Precautions: airborne until 4 days after onset of rash

Communcable period:
1-2 days before onset of symptoms (3-5days before rash) and 4-6 days after appearance of rash

Highyl contagious

36
Q

Rubeola (measles)

Clinical manifestations

Prodromal phase
Spots
Rash

A

Prodromal phase (3-4 days prior to rash)
-fever, fatigue, cough, runny nose, sore throat, conjunctivitis

Koplik spots:
-white spots with reddened background on mucosa (cheeks)
-2-3 days before primary rash

Rash:
Red, blotchy, begins on head and proceeds downward and outward
-ITCHY

37
Q

Rubeola (measles)

Complications
EBOP

A

Otitis media
Bronchitis
Pneumonia
Encephalitis

38
Q

Rubeola (measles)
Nursing management

Meds (3)
Interventions(2)

A

Antipyretics
Antipruritics
Antitussives

Coolmist humidifier
Monitor resp status

39
Q

Epstein-barr virus: mononucleosis

Tranmission
Precautions
Diagnoses

A

Tranmission: saliva

Precaution: standard

Diagnoses:
-physical assessment, symptoms, blood test

40
Q

Epstein-barr virus: mono

Communicablility

A

Healthy people can carry EBV in saliva Transmitting the virus for a lifetime

Those with mono can transmit it for months after symptoms have gone away

41
Q

Epstein-barr virus: mono

Clinical manifestations

Common: (3)
Unique: (4)

A

Common:
-fever
-lethargy
-HA

Unique:
-red/large tonsils
-lymphadenopathy (neck,groin,armpits)
-splenomegaly
-hepatomegaly

42
Q

Epstein-barr virus: mono

Nursing management

Meds
Avoid what

A

Antipyretics
Pain relievers
Steriods (if airway patency is a concern)

Avoid contact sports/strenuous activities for:
4-6 weeks or until splenomegaly resolves

43
Q

Pertussis (whooping cough)

Transmission

Precautions

Communicable period

A

Transmission:
-direct contact
-respiratory droplets

Precautions: droplet

Communicable period:
-most contagious during catarrhal stage (7-10days) before onset of paroxysmal stage (1-4weeks)

44
Q

Pertussis (whooping cough)

Catarrhal stage (when)
Paroxysmal stage (when)
Convalescent stage (when)

A

Catarrhal stage (7-10 days):
-nasal congestion, low grade fever, mild cough

Paroxysmal stage (1-4 weeks):
-cough (severe/spasms/thick mucous)
-forceful inspiration thru narrow glottis (stridor)
-cyanosis, post-tussive emesis

Convalescent stage (6 weeks after paroxysmal stage)
-symptoms gradually subside

45
Q

Pertussis (whooping cough)

Therapeutic management

A

Macrolide abx
Erythromycin/azithromycin
Corticosteriods

46
Q

Pertussis (whooping cough)

Physical assessment

Prevention?

A

Resp status
Emergency equipment at bedside
Prevent stimulating cough

DTaP (children)
Tdap (adults)

47
Q

Group A streptococcus

Transmission
Precautions
Communicability

A

Transmission:
-contact with resp secretions
-direct contact w/ infected skin

Precautions: droplet

Communicability:
-highest during acute infection
-no longer infectious 24 hrs after starting abx

48
Q

Group A streptococcus (pharngeal)

Clinical manifestations

Main ones: (2)
Others: (6)

A

Main ones:
Fever
Red pharngitis w/ exudate

Others:
Dysphagia
Malaise
Chills
HA
Abd pain
Vomiting

49
Q

Group A streptococcus (scarlet fever)

What causes it

S/s

A

Bacteria releases toxin (causes rash and red tongue)

Rash in axillary, groin, neck
Sandpaper feel
Blanches w/ pressure
Sore throat
White coating early in illness
Strawberry tongue by day 4-5

50
Q

Group A streptococcus (scarlet fever)

Complications

A

Result from extension of strep infections
-acute rheumatic fever(cardiac issues)
-acute glomerulonephritis
-sepsis

51
Q

Group A streptococcus (scarlet fever)

Nursing management

A

Penicillin
Amoxicillin

AN305 (15 decks)

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