Health promotion, behaviour and improving the cardiovascular system Flashcards
Learning objectives
- Define health promotion
- Discuss methods of health promotion
- Describe health promotion programmes in the context of cardiovascular disease
- Describe how personality can impact on coronary heart disease and treatment options
What is health promotions
• ‘Health promotion enables people to increase control over their own health. It covers a wide range of social and environmental interventions that are designed to benefit and protect individual people’s health and quality of life by addressing and preventing the root causes of ill health, not just focusing on treatment and cure.’ (WHO).
What are the different health promotion approaches
- Providing information
- Enhancing motivation
- Behavioural methods
- Health behaviour maintenance
- Combined programs
Discuss providing information as a method of health promotion
– Methods?
– Public Health Scotland (previously NHS Health Scotland)
– http://www.healthscotland.com/
Discuss enhancing motivation as a method of health promotion
– Tailored content
– Framing: gain v loss
– Cognitive behavioural therapy
– Motivational interviewing
Discuss behavioural methods as a method of health promotion
– Training
– Reminders
– Reinforcers
Discuss health promotion approaches as a method of health promotion
– Lapsing
• Helping people deal with a lapse
• Reduction of relapse
Discuss combined health promotion programs as a method of health promotion
– Slimming clubs, etc
What are targets of health promotion?
- Primary prevention
- Secondary prevention
- Tertiary prevention
What are non modifiable and modifiable factors for cardiovascular disease
• Non-modifiable:
– education
– social class
– gender
• Modifiable: – smoking – obesity – sedentary lifestyle – personality?
• Risk factors are cummulative
What are the barriers to primary prevention in health promotion in cardiovascular disease
– Not fun! – Addictions – Motivation – Education – Social support – Cultural support
What are methods of secondary prevention in cardiovascular disease
– Blood pressure
– Cholesterol checks
Discuss the nice guidelines on lifestyle modifications for the primary and secondary prevention of CVD
Cardioprotective diet
1.2.1 Advise people at high risk of or with CVD to eat a diet in which total fat intake is 30% or less of total energy intake, saturated fats are 7% or less of total energy intake, intake of dietary cholesterol is less than 300 mg/day and where possible saturated fats are replaced by mono-unsaturated and polyunsaturated fats. Further information and advice can be found at NHS Choices. [new 2014]
1.2.2 Advise people at high risk of or with CVD to:
•reduce their saturated fat intake.
•increase their mono-unsaturated fat intake with olive oil, rapeseed oil or spreads based on these oils and to use them in food preparation.
1.2.3 Advise people at high risk of or with CVD to do all of the following:
•choose wholegrain varieties of starchy food
•reduce their intake of sugar and food products containing refined sugars including fructose
•eat at least 5 portions of fruit and vegetables per day
•eat at least 2 portions of fish per week, including a portion of oily fish
•eat at least 4 to 5 portions of unsalted nuts, seeds and legumes per week.
Further information and advice on healthy cooking methods can be found at NHS Choices. [new 2014]
Discuss what is meant by an individuals personality in reference to tertiary prevention in health promotion in cardiovascular disease
• ‘a person’s cognitive, affective, or behavioural tendencies that are fairly stable across time and situations’
• Type A and Type B behaviour
– links to coronary heart disease
Type A is defined as:
High competitiveness High time urgency
[High hostility] - stress
Type B is defined as:
Low competitiveness
Low time urgency
Low hostility
How do you assess type A behaviour?
• Structured interview
• Questionnaires (self-report)
– Jenkins Activity Survey
– Framingham Type A Scale
