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PDHPE > health priorities in australia - how are issues identified > Flashcards

health priorities in australia - how are issues identified Flashcards

1
Q

what can be used to measure health status

A
  • role of epidemiology

- measures of epidemiology

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2
Q

what is the role of epidemiology

A

the study of disease and illness within a given population over a period of time. it considers the;

  • prevalence
  • incidence
  • distribution
  • apparent causes
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3
Q

what does epidemiology do

A

helps obtain a picture of the health status of a population, to identify the patterns of health and disease + analyse how health services and facilities are used

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4
Q

how does epidemiology help health authorities

A
  • describes + compares the patterns of health groups, communities and population
  • identifies health needs + allocations of health-care resources
  • identify + promote behaviours that can improve health status of population
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5
Q

common uses of epidemiology

A
  • birth
  • deaths
  • disease incidence
  • disease prevalence
  • hospital use
  • money spent on health care
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6
Q

what are the limitations of epidemiology

A
  • they do not always show significant variations in health among population subgroups (aboriginals or non-aboriginals)
  • not accurately indicate quality of life
  • stats does not tell us the degree and impact of the illness
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7
Q

what is broadening epidemiology

A
  • focusing on the health of populations rather than disease of individuals
  • inequalities of health (environmental + social aspects)
  • incorporate social perspective to identify and combat leading causes of sickness
  • higher rates of morbidity and mortality in rural + remote places
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8
Q

what s mortality (measures of epidemiology)

A

the number of deaths in a group over a specific period of time (1 year)

  • there is 5.1 deaths per 1,000 in Australia (2018)
  • there is 9.27 deaths per 1,000 aboriginals (2018)
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9
Q

what is the main causes of death in Australia

A
  • cancers
  • cardiovascular disease
  • respiratory diseases
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10
Q

how has mortality rates in Australia decreased

A
  • improvements in sanitations + living conditions
  • increased understanding of disease
  • development and use of antibiotics
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11
Q

what is infant mortality (measures of epidemiology)

A

the number of infant deaths in the first year of life per 1000 lives

  • most important indicator of health status of a nation
  • can also predict adult life expectancy
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12
Q

what is morbidity (measures of epidemiology)

A 
refers to patterns of illness, disease and injury that do not result in death. these reduce quality of life
includes;
- hospital use
- doctors visit/medicare
- health surveys and reports
- disability and handicap
- life expectancy
- aboriginals and torres strait islanders
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13
Q

recording morbidity using hospital use

A
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14
Q

recording morbidity using hospital use

A

number of admissions to hospital provides measures of the rates of illness and accidents to the community
- provides patterns of serious disease E.g. cancer and strokes

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15
Q

recording morbidity using doctor visits/medicare

A

medicare statistics indicate the reasons for doctor visits + number of visits
- provide numbers of days absent from work as a result of sickness

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16
Q

recording morbidity using health surveys + reports

A

depends on self-reporting where individuals perceptions of health and illness affect information gathered

17
Q

morbidity : disability and handicap

A

incidence of disease or accidents can lead to impairment , disabilities and handicaps

18
Q

life expectancy improvements

A

results from a reduction in death rates at all ages. they can be attributed to;

  • lower infant mortality rates
  • declining death rates for cardiovascular diseases
  • declining overall death rates from cancer
  • fall in death rates from traffic accidents
19
Q

aboriginal and torres strait islanders : life expectancy

A

between 2015-2017, life expectancy was estimated to be 8.6 years lower than non-indigenous populations for males and 7.8 years for females

20
Q

identifying priority health issues

A
  • social justice principles
  • priority population groups
  • prevalence of condition
  • potential for prevention and early intervention
  • costs to the individual and community
21
Q

identifying health priority issues : social justice principles

A

this includes equity, diversity and supportive environments

by applying social justice principles, we can determine the impact of reducing health inequities and improve the health of australians
E.g. provisions of equal access to resources + health services + education may reduce incidences

22
Q

identifying health priority issues : priority population groups

A

are identified as groups who experience health inequalities
E.g. royal flying doctor service has been developed to increase health outcomes of people living in rural + remote places + ASTI

23
Q

identifying health priority issues : prevalence of condition

A

it is important to prioritise health fundings and resources to areas where health conditions are prevalent
- in australia this is chronic disease, injury and mental health issues

24
Q

prevalence of condition : burden of disease

A

an estimated impact of disease on an individual or community

  • low socio-economic population experiences 1.5 times more disease burden
  • mental health and substance abuse contributes to 19% of disease burden in australia
  • ATSI experiences 2.3 times more disease burden
25
Q

identifying health priority issues : potential for prevention and early interventions

A

most health issues in australia are caused by modifiable risk factors, therefore early intervention is possible through modification of risk where burden of disease can be lowered
- strategies enables disease to be identified before they become an increasing burden
E.g. screening services (cancer)

26
Q

identifying health priority issues : cost of the individual and community

A

can be either direct such as financial burden or indirect costs

if it is considered that the heath issue has a high cost to ether the individual or the community then this gives reasons as to why the health issue needs to be identified as a priority

27
Q

identifying health priority issues : cost of the individual

A
  • cost of medical treatment
  • reduction in quality of life
  • social and emotional impact
  • emotional trauma due to loss
  • lifestyle changes
28
Q

identifying health priority issues : cost of the community

A
  • funding for medical treatments
  • co-morbidities
  • economic loss due to leave from work
  • loss of skilful community members
29
Q

what does it mean to be a health priority group

A

this means the government will invest in health promotions specific to the needs of the group with an ultimate goal for health for austrlians to be equitable and accessible

PDHPE (11 decks)

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