Health Inequalities

Question 1

What are health inequalities?

Answer 1

Differences in health between population groups that are systemic, unfair and avoidable.

Question 2

Which groups are more likely to experience health inequalities?

Answer 2

People with:
- Low socioeconomic status
- Vulnerable/excluded groups
- Protected characteristics
- Geography

Question 3

How are health inequalities measured?

Answer 3

Through differences in:
- Prevalence in conditions and mortality
- Behavioral risk
- Housing and employment
- Access and experience of healthcare services

Question 4

Which group is most affected by long-term health conditions?

Answer 4

People in the lower-socioeconomic groups

Question 5

Where is mental health problems more prevalent in?

Answer 5

In deprived populations

Question 6

Suicide rates are most common in which groups?

Answer 6

In working adults (than those in who are deprived)

Question 7

Behavioural risks can be common in which groups?

Answer 7

• Deprivation
• Income
• Gender
• Ethnicity

Question 8

Poor quality and overcrowded housing conditions can lead to which diseases?

Answer 8

• Cardiovascular and respiratory diseases
• Depression and anxiety

Question 9

What can unemployment lead to?

Answer 9

• Lower life expectancy and poorer physical and mental health

Question 10

How might access to healthcare services affect those who are not from the country?

Answer 10

More difficulty in communication.

Question 11

Why might the area in where patients live affect their access to care?

Answer 11

More deprived areas have fewer GPs and lower rates of admission.
More deprived areas are more likely to have a higher disease prevalence.

Question 12

What is intersectionality?

Answer 12

People who experience different combinations of these factors.

Question 13

What is the Adapted Labonte Model?

Answer 13

A framework showing how wider determinants, community, and individual behaviours all contribute to health inequalities.

Question 14

What is CORE20PLUS5?

Answer 14

CORE20: Most deprived 20% population
PLUS: Locally identified vulnerable group
5: Clinical areas that need rapid improvement

Question 15

Give 4 examples of PLUS groups.

Answer 15

• Ethnic minority communities
• With learning disabilities
• With multiple long-term conditions
• Characteristics from Equality Act 2010

Question 16

Give 3 examples of health groups in the PLUS populations.

Answer 16

• Homelessness
• Alcohol and drug dependence
• Vulnerable migrants